little bit of notes for lab test/more ADR
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| purpose of lab tests | screening for hidden dx, ID cause of symptoms, monitor progress of dx
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| limitations | not perfect, can get false + or -
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| factors that can alter tests | age, sex, wt, physiologic status (pregnancy, drugs, food)
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| ADR | adverse drug reactions-unwanted, potentially harmful effects produced by medications
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| side effects | predictable effects with therapeutic doses
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| OD | overdose-use of a drug in excess of a therapeutic dose with toxic effects
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| non-dose related | hypersensitivity/allergic reaction are the most common-happens even when med used correctly
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| drug allergy prevention | stop use when reaction noted & avoid re-exposure. always documented on front of pt record
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| ADR risk factors | age,(very old, very young), gender (women), ethnicity, alcohol use, a new drug, total # of drugs being taken, use of herbals, duration of rx with medication, non-compliance w/recommended dose, frequency, duration, small stature, underlying condition
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| NSAIDS | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-most OTC-aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen/anti-inflammatory, pain relief
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| NSAIDS adverse effects on GI tract | pain, bleeding, contraindicated for pts w/ a hx of gastritis w/bleeding & peptic ulcer dx
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| adverse effects of platelet inhibitor | can cause spontaneous hemorrhage, contraindicated w/ the use of anticoagulant drugs: heparin, Coumadin (aka Wafarin)
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| therapeutic effects of platelet inhibitor | daily small doses of ASA may be prescribed to prevent stroke or heart attack
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| Prothrombin Time | blood's ability to clot- test used to dx bleeding disorder & monitor anticoagulation therapy- too much ASA, PT may be longer than normal(bleeding longer, taking longer for blood to clot)
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| 2nd gen NSAIDS | COX-2 Inhibitors: Vioxx, Celebrex-recently removed from market or greatly reduced because of an increase chance for a # of serious adverse reactions, heart attack
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| corticosteroids definition | produced naturally in the body by the adrenal glands (glucocorticosteroids (cortisol))or synthetically (cortisone, hydrocortisone, beclomethasone)
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| corticosteroids effects/uses | 1)anti-inflammatory 2)immunosuppression 3)hormone replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency (addison's dx)
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| ways to administer corticosteroids | systemically -orally, by IV, by injection/ inhalers for asthma/locally-lotion, ointment, injection to joint (w/lidocaine, takes 2-3 days to see benefits), phonopheresis, iontophoresis
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| corticosteroid therapy can be... | short term (ex Bell's palsy), or long term (ex RA)
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| side effects of long term corticosteroid use to skin & connective tissue | hiruitism (unwanted hair growth), thinning of subcutaneous tissue, delayed wound healing, skin bruises easily, stretch marks, acne
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| side effects of long term corticosteroid use to musculoskeletal system | myopathy, osteoporosis, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, premature closure of growth plates in kids, tendons become fragile & rupture more easily
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| side effects of long term corticosteroid use to cardiovascular system | congestive heart failure, systemic edema, HTN, atherosclerosis
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| psychological side effects of long term corticosteroid use | mood swings, depression, euphoria, psychosis, insomnia
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| side effects of long term corticosteroid use to appearance | weight gain, moon face, reduced self esteem, poor body image
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| side effects of long term corticosteroid use to ednocrine system | increased risk for DM
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| side effects of long term corticosteroid use to immune system | suppression: increased risk for infections, symptoms muted/can delay rx
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| side effects of long term corticosteroid use to GI | increased risk for PUD
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| rx precautions/contraindications for PT | avoid hi loads w/resistance training & stretching: fx's (osteoporosis), tendon rupture, HTN-cautious w/aerobic ex, skin fragile, bruises & burns more easily, no WB-rx avascular necrosis
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| anabolic steroids | synthetic testosterone, illegal in this country -used for performance enhancement/to build mm-hypertrophy
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| general clinical picture anabolic steroids | sudden wt gain, upper body dev > lower body, acne, HTN, bruises easily
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| anabolic steroids clinical pic exclusive to females | deeper voice, breast atrophy, facial hair, period stops, sterility
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| anabolic steroids clinical pic exclusive to males | male pattern baldness, breast enlargement
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| anabolic steroids extreme/serious side effects | ischemic heart dx, MI, sudden death, "rhoid rage"-resulting in violent behavior including murder & suicide
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