Adult Health I
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| describe teh coordination efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system | body mechanics
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| refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting, and lying | body alignment or posture
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| means that the individual's center of gravity is stable | body alignment
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| is a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement | friction
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| is a supporting framework | skeletal system
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| the force exerted parallel to skin resulting from both gravity pushing down on body adn resistance between patient and surface | shearing
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| the underlying tissue and capillaries are stretched and angulated by the force causing necrosis within the tissue | shearing
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| types of bones: | flat, irregular, short, long
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| bones that contribute to height and length | long bones
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| bones that occur in clusters and wen combined with ligaments and cartilage permit movement of extremities | short bones
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| femur, fiblua, tibia | long bones
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| carpal bones of foot and in knee | short bones
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| bones in skull, and ribs | flat bones
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| make up vertebral column, some skull, and mandible | irregular bones
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| fractures caused by weakened bone tissue | pathological fractures
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| connections between bones | joints
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| connect bones to cartilage | ligaments
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| are white, siny, felxible bands of fibrous tissue binding joints together and connecting bones and cartilages (bone) | ligaments
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| connect muscle to bone | tendons
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| are white, glistening, fibrous bands of tissue that connect muscle to bone | tendons
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| is nonvascular, supporting connective tissue located in joints and thorax, trachea, larynx, nose, and ear | cartilage
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| regulates movement and posture | nervous system
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| major voluntary motor area and is in teh cerebral cortex | precentral gyrus---motor strip
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| chemicals that transfer electric impulses from teh nerve across the neuromuscular junction to the muscle | neurotransmitter
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| refers to inability to do so | immobility
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| is an intervention that restricts client to bed | bed rest
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| osteogenesis imperfecta | inherited disorder that affects bones
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| scoliosis | structual curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation
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| density or mass of bone is < | osteoporosis
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| is an uncommon metabolic disease characterized by inadequate and delayed mineralization | osteomalacia
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| inflammatory or destruction of he synovial membrane and articular cartilage, and by systemic signs of inflammation | inflammatory joint disease (ex: arthritis)
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| can occur with or without inflammation and is marked by changes in articular cartilage combo=ined with overgrowth of bone at the articular ends | joint degeneration
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| often results in bruises, contusions, sprains, and fractures | musculoskeletal trauma
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| is one of the motivational tools to nencourage and promote exercise and physical fitness | social support
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| componets of mobility | range of motion, gait, and exercise
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| fainting | syncope
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| what are some devices for walking? | walkers, canes, crutches, crutch gait
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| collapse of alveoli | atelestasis
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| inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions | hypostatic pneumonia
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| what are the 3 major cardiovascular changes due to immobility? | orthostatic hypotension, > cardiac workload, and thrombus formation
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| > in heart rate of more then 15% and a drop of 15 mm or more in systolic blood pressure, or a drop of 10mm Hg or more in diastolic blood pressure when a client changes from supine to standing position | orthostatic hypotension
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| is an accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery | thrombus
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| is an abnormal and possibly permanent condition characterized by fixation of the joint | joint contracture
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| the foot is permanently fixed in plantar flexion | footdrop
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| is an impairment of the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia in tissues | pressure ulcer
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| isometric exercise is a change in | muscle tension---NOT length
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| isotonic exercise is a change in | muscle contraction---AND change in LENGTH
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| examples of isotonic exercies | swimming, walking, jogging, biking, dancing, etc
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| shortens the muscle to produce a contraction and active movement | isotonic exercise
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| easy exercise for immobilzed patients in bed | isometric exercise
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| sagittal plane divids ___ | left from right
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| frontal plane divids ____ | front from back
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| transverse plane divids ___ | upper and lower portions
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| what are some sagittal movements? | flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, plantar flextion
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| what are some frontal movements? | abduction, adduction, eversion, inversion
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| what are some transverse movements? | pronation, supination, internal and external rotation
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| dislodged venous thrombus | embolus
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