drug sources, schedules, and dosages
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Abuse | The excessive or improper use of a substance, person, or animal
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| Addiction | The physical or psychological dependency on a substance
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| Administer | to give
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| Bioassay | The process of determining the strength quality of a drug by testing it on a animal or an isolated organ
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| Biologics | A term used more restrictively for a class of medications that are produced by means of biological processes involving recombinant DNA technology
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| Biotechnology | the biological and engineering study of the relationship between human beings and machines
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| Controlled substance | A drug that has the potential for addiction and abuse
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| Dispense | to prepare and give out
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| Genetic engineering | the synthesis alteration, or repair of genetic material through the application of engineering principles
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| Narcotic | Producing sleep or stupor
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| Pharmacopeia | authorized publication on drugs and there preparations
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| Practioner | one who has met the professional and legal requirements of a certain occupation or profession
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| Prescribe | To order or recommend the use of a drug, diet, or other form of therapy
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| Pharmacodynamics | study of drugs and their actions on living organisms
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| Pharmacognosy | The science of natural drugs and their physical, botanical, and chemical properties
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| Pharmacogenetics | Personalizing drug treatment according to the patient generics
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| Chemical | formula that denotes chemical composition
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| Generic | official name
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| Brand | trade name given by manufacturer
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| Pharmacokinetics | study of the metabolism and action of drugs within the body
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| Pharmacotherapeutics | study of drugs and their relationships to the treatment of disease
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| Toxicology | study of poisons; the science concerned with toxic substances
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| Therapeutic | -may be used in the treatment of an allergy to relieve the symptoms or to sustain the patient
ex- antihistamines
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| Diagnostic | -used in conjunction with radiology to allow the physician to pinpoint the location of a disease process
ex-Ethidol
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| Curative | -kill or remove the causative agent of a disease
ex-antibiotics
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| Replacement | -used to replace substances normally found in the body
ex-hormones and vitamins
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| Prophylactic/preventive | -used to ward off or lessen the severity of a disease
ex-immunizing agents
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| Plants | have been used as a source of medication since time began
leave, roots, stems, or fruit
ex-
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| Animails | very few drugs
fluids, tissues, organs, or glands
ex-
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| Minerals | naturally occurring substances
highly purified form
ex-
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| Synthetic | combination of various chemicals
may be identical to natural drug or totally unique
can be produced in great volume
less expensive than natural drugs
exs-
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| Genetically engineered pharmaceuticals | biotechnology
used in healthcare, agriculture, and industry
utilizes gene splicing/DNA
exs-
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| Biologics | vaccines, blood and blood products, recombinant therapeutic proteins
exs-
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| Drug legislation | -all legal drugs controlled by Federal Food, Drug, and cosmetic Act
-Protects purity, strength, and composition of food, drugs, devices, and cosmetics
-FDA responsible or enforcement
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| Schedule I | -Not legal for use in U.s.
-High potential for abuse
exs-
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| Schedule II | -high potential for abuse
-legal medical uses in U.S
exs-
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| Schedule III | -low to moderate potential for physical dependency
-high potential for psychological dependency
exs-
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| Schedule IV | -low potential for abuse as compared to schedule III
-accepted medical use in U.S
exs-
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| Schedule V | -lowest potential for abuse
-accepted medical use in the U.S
exs-
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| Initial | first dose
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| Average | is the amount of medication proven most effective with minimum toxic effect
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| Loading | larger dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of treatment
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| Maintenance | amount that will keep concentrations of the drug at a therapeutic level in the patient's bloodstream
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| Minimum | smallest dose that will be effective
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| Maximum | large amount of medication that can be given safely to a patient
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| Therapeutic | amount needed to produce that desired effect
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| Divided | fractional portion administered at short intervel
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| Unit | premeasured amount of medication individually packaged on a per dose basis
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| Cumulative | summation of a drug present in the body after repeated medication
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| Lethal | is the amount of medication that could kill a patient
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| Toxic | is the amount of drug that causes signs and symptoms of drug toxicity
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| USP/NF | -official list of standardized drugs
-published every 5 years
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| PDR | -for health professionals
-supplements available throughout year
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| PDR Nurse's Drug Handbook | -published annually
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| Product information insert | -provided by the drug manufacturer
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| Drugs @ FDA | -official website of FDA, DHHS and CDER
-searchable catalog of FDA-approved drug products(prescription and OTC)
-updated daily with marketing status
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| Drug Dosage -factors to consider | -weight, age, and gender
-pregnancy/lactation
-physical or emotional condition
-disease process/presence of another process
-causative microorganism and infection severity
-past medical history
-safest method, route, time, and amount for desired
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| Controlled Substance Act -For any drug with potential for addiction or abuse, it controls: | -manufacture
-importation
-compounding
-selling
-dealing or giving away
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| Controlled Substance Act | -DEA responsible for enforcement
-Practitioners must register with DEA
-must renew registration every 3 years
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| Controlled Substances -record keeping | -must be kept separately from other records
-must be maintained on a daily basis
-must be kept for minimum 2 years
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| Security | -must be kept away from other drugs
-keep under double lock
-minimum employee access
-narcotic keys must be proteced
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