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Unit 7
drug sources, schedules, and dosages
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abuse | The excessive or improper use of a substance, person, or animal |
| Addiction | The physical or psychological dependency on a substance |
| Administer | to give |
| Bioassay | The process of determining the strength quality of a drug by testing it on a animal or an isolated organ |
| Biologics | A term used more restrictively for a class of medications that are produced by means of biological processes involving recombinant DNA technology |
| Biotechnology | the biological and engineering study of the relationship between human beings and machines |
| Controlled substance | A drug that has the potential for addiction and abuse |
| Dispense | to prepare and give out |
| Genetic engineering | the synthesis alteration, or repair of genetic material through the application of engineering principles |
| Narcotic | Producing sleep or stupor |
| Pharmacopeia | authorized publication on drugs and there preparations |
| Practioner | one who has met the professional and legal requirements of a certain occupation or profession |
| Prescribe | To order or recommend the use of a drug, diet, or other form of therapy |
| Pharmacodynamics | study of drugs and their actions on living organisms |
| Pharmacognosy | The science of natural drugs and their physical, botanical, and chemical properties |
| Pharmacogenetics | Personalizing drug treatment according to the patient generics |
| Chemical | formula that denotes chemical composition |
| Generic | official name |
| Brand | trade name given by manufacturer |
| Pharmacokinetics | study of the metabolism and action of drugs within the body |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | study of drugs and their relationships to the treatment of disease |
| Toxicology | study of poisons; the science concerned with toxic substances |
| Therapeutic | -may be used in the treatment of an allergy to relieve the symptoms or to sustain the patient ex- antihistamines |
| Diagnostic | -used in conjunction with radiology to allow the physician to pinpoint the location of a disease process ex-Ethidol |
| Curative | -kill or remove the causative agent of a disease ex-antibiotics |
| Replacement | -used to replace substances normally found in the body ex-hormones and vitamins |
| Prophylactic/preventive | -used to ward off or lessen the severity of a disease ex-immunizing agents |
| Plants | have been used as a source of medication since time began leave, roots, stems, or fruit ex- |
| Animails | very few drugs fluids, tissues, organs, or glands ex- |
| Minerals | naturally occurring substances highly purified form ex- |
| Synthetic | combination of various chemicals may be identical to natural drug or totally unique can be produced in great volume less expensive than natural drugs exs- |
| Genetically engineered pharmaceuticals | biotechnology used in healthcare, agriculture, and industry utilizes gene splicing/DNA exs- |
| Biologics | vaccines, blood and blood products, recombinant therapeutic proteins exs- |
| Drug legislation | -all legal drugs controlled by Federal Food, Drug, and cosmetic Act -Protects purity, strength, and composition of food, drugs, devices, and cosmetics -FDA responsible or enforcement |
| Schedule I | -Not legal for use in U.s. -High potential for abuse exs- |
| Schedule II | -high potential for abuse -legal medical uses in U.S exs- |
| Schedule III | -low to moderate potential for physical dependency -high potential for psychological dependency exs- |
| Schedule IV | -low potential for abuse as compared to schedule III -accepted medical use in U.S exs- |
| Schedule V | -lowest potential for abuse -accepted medical use in the U.S exs- |
| Initial | first dose |
| Average | is the amount of medication proven most effective with minimum toxic effect |
| Loading | larger dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of treatment |
| Maintenance | amount that will keep concentrations of the drug at a therapeutic level in the patient's bloodstream |
| Minimum | smallest dose that will be effective |
| Maximum | large amount of medication that can be given safely to a patient |
| Therapeutic | amount needed to produce that desired effect |
| Divided | fractional portion administered at short intervel |
| Unit | premeasured amount of medication individually packaged on a per dose basis |
| Cumulative | summation of a drug present in the body after repeated medication |
| Lethal | is the amount of medication that could kill a patient |
| Toxic | is the amount of drug that causes signs and symptoms of drug toxicity |
| USP/NF | -official list of standardized drugs -published every 5 years |
| PDR | -for health professionals -supplements available throughout year |
| PDR Nurse's Drug Handbook | -published annually |
| Product information insert | -provided by the drug manufacturer |
| Drugs @ FDA | -official website of FDA, DHHS and CDER -searchable catalog of FDA-approved drug products(prescription and OTC) -updated daily with marketing status |
| Drug Dosage -factors to consider | -weight, age, and gender -pregnancy/lactation -physical or emotional condition -disease process/presence of another process -causative microorganism and infection severity -past medical history -safest method, route, time, and amount for desired |
| Controlled Substance Act -For any drug with potential for addiction or abuse, it controls: | -manufacture -importation -compounding -selling -dealing or giving away |
| Controlled Substance Act | -DEA responsible for enforcement -Practitioners must register with DEA -must renew registration every 3 years |
| Controlled Substances -record keeping | -must be kept separately from other records -must be maintained on a daily basis -must be kept for minimum 2 years |
| Security | -must be kept away from other drugs -keep under double lock -minimum employee access -narcotic keys must be proteced |
Created by:
sandgalv29
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