Science Test Vocab and Diagrams 2014
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Astronomy | Study of moons, stars, and other objects in space
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| Axis | Imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles- 23.5
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| Rotation | Spinning of Earth on its axis- causes day and night- 24 hours
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| Revolution | Movement of one object around another- causes seasons- 365.25 days
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| Orbit | Earth path that it follows as it revolves around the sun
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| Calendar | System of organizing time that defines the beginning, length, and divisions of years
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| Solstice | When the sun is farthest north or south of the equator and happens twice a year
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| Equinox | When the moon is directly overhead the equator and happens twice a year and neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun
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| Force | Push or pull
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| Gravity | Attracts all objects toward each other
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| Law of universal gravitation | States that every object in the universe attracts every other object
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| Mass | Amount of matter in one object
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| Weight | Force of gravity on an object
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| Inertia | Tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
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| Newton's first law of inertia | An object at rest tends to stay at rest while an object in motion tends to stay in motion
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| Inertia and gravity | Combine to keep Earth in orbit around the sun and the moon in orbit around the Earth
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| Mass of the object and distance between them | Two objects that the strength of the force of gravity between two objects depends on
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| Axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun | Why Earth has seasons
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| Rotation and revolution | Two major ways that Earth moves through space
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| Summer solstice | June 21- northern hemisphere tilted towards sun
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| Winter solstice | December 21- southern hemisphere tilted towards sun
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| Fall equinox | September 21- neither hemisphere tilted towards sun
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| Spring (vernal) equinox | March 21- neither hemisphere tilted towards sun
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| Fall and spring | All hemispheres get equal amount of sun- 12 hours of sun
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| Elliptical orbit | Earth's oval orbit around sun
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| Phases | Different shapes of the moon that you see from Earth
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| Eclipse | When an object in space comes between the sun and a third object, it cast a shadow on that object
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| Solar eclipse | Occurs when a new moon blocks your view of the sun
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| Umbra | Very darkest part of the moons shadow- cone-shaped
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| Penumbra | Large part of the shadow
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| Lunar eclipse | Occurs at a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun
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| Tides | Rise and fall of of ocean water that occurs very 12.5 hours
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| Spring tide | Combined forces produce a tide with greatest differences between consecutive low and high tides
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| Neap tide | Tide with least amount of difference between consecutive low and high tides
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| New Moon | Sunlit side faces away from Earth-1
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| Waxing Crescent | Portion of the moon you can see is growing into a crescent shape-2
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| First Quarter | Can see half of the sunlit side of the moon-3
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| Waxing Gibbous | Moon continues to grow- visible shape of moon is called gibbous- 4
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| Full Moon | Entire sunlit side faces Earth-5
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| Waning Gibbous | Portion of moon you can see shrinks-6
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| Third Quarter | See half of moons lit side-7
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| Waning Crescent | See a crescent again-8
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| Phases of the moon | New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, Waning Crescent
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| Tides are caused | By differences in how much the moon's gravity pulls on different parts of the Earth
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| What solar eclipses are | When moon passes directly between Earth and the sun, blocking sunlight from Earth
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| What lunar eclipses are | Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon
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| Telescope | Device built to observe distant objects by making them appear closer
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| Maria | Moons surface's dark flat areas- means seas
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| Craters | Large round pits
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| Meteoroids | Chunks of rock or dust from space
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| The moon formed | A planet-sized object collided with Earth
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Created by:
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