notes to study for quiz
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cancer | malignant tumor
🗑
|
||||
| oncology | study of cancer
🗑
|
||||
| neoplasm | tumor-new growth that serves no purpose-uncontrollable & progressive
🗑
|
||||
| benign | growth is slow & incapsulated
🗑
|
||||
| malignant | fast growing & spreads-competes for space & blood supply
🗑
|
||||
| carcinoma | solid tumor, made up in or of epithelial cells, it is most common type of cancer (breast, colon, liver, lung, stomach, prostate)
🗑
|
||||
| sarcoma | made from supportive & connective tissue-can be in bone, fat, mm or cartilage
🗑
|
||||
| leukemia | blood-forming tissues w/in bone marrow. can be acute or chronic- large # of abnormal WBC that infiltrate bone marrow- can spread out to other areas-crowds out normal cells
🗑
|
||||
| lymphoma | hodgkins or non-hodgkins- cancer of lymphatic system. (non-hodgkins more common)
🗑
|
||||
| risk factors/carcinogens for cancer dev | age, genetics, diet, virus, chemicals, UV, radiation, alcohol abuse, smoking, some hormones, certain medications, previous cancer, lower income, occupational hazards, stress, precancerous lesions
🗑
|
||||
| heredity + carcinogen = | DNA mutation
🗑
|
||||
| DNA mutation leads to | tissue change + immune dysfunction
🗑
|
||||
| hyperplasia | excessive growth
🗑
|
||||
| dysplasia | abnormal growth
🗑
|
||||
| anaplasia | loss of differenciation between tumor cells and normal cells
🗑
|
||||
| cancer progression | local -> invasive -> metastatic
🗑
|
||||
| local | have not yet spread from site of original tumor
🗑
|
||||
| invasive | spreads to other sites in same region of the body
🗑
|
||||
| metastatic | 2nd tumor in another area not close to 1st one
🗑
|
||||
| most common sites of metastasis | pulmonary, hepatic, CNS, skeletal
🗑
|
||||
| common sites of skeletal metastasis | skull, pelvis, ribs, spine, proximal femur, proximal humerus
🗑
|
||||
| skeletal metastasis complications | bone pain, pathological fx, spinal cord injury (SCI)
🗑
|
||||
| clinical manifestations systemic | no appetite, rapid wt loss, fatigue, weakness, hemorrhage, vomiting
🗑
|
||||
| clinical manifestations pain | usually have pn but not always
🗑
|
||||
| clinical manifestations organ specific | example: if lungs- having breathing problems
🗑
|
||||
| methods to dx cancer | Hx & PE, biopsy, tumor markers
🗑
|
||||
| grading | degress of anaplasia, grade 1 is better than grade 4
🗑
|
||||
| TNM | staging-how they classify tumors-T= size & extent of primary tumor- N=# of notdes- M=metastasis
🗑
|
||||
| prognosis | depends on type of cancer, when it's diagnosed, if you have 5 years of remission
🗑
|
||||
| prevention of CA | identify risk factors and avoid them, pt edu, regular screenings
🗑
|
||||
| CA sx | almost always done (remove tumor & bone marrow transplants)
🗑
|
||||
| radiation therapy | done by x-ray machine or they will insert radio-isotope like IV
🗑
|
||||
| chemotherapy | immuno-suppressant- decreased WBC count-most effective on metastatic cancer-can be done orally or by injection
🗑
|
||||
| biotherapy | strengthen immune response-uses interferon (protein) to kill cancer cells
🗑
|
||||
| hormones | different types-a lot of rx therapies will affect hormones
🗑
|
||||
| side effects | nausea & vomiting, fatigue, immunosuppression, anemia, may decrease level of H&H in RBC, hair loss, burns
🗑
|
||||
| curative vs palliative | sometimes we try to cure, sometimes just try to make pt more comfortable
🗑
|
||||
| PT contra/precautions | -modalites (some can't be done w/CA)- WBC count below 5000 or RBC below 25% places limits on activity
🗑
|
||||
| rx options | strength & endurance, keep normal function as long as possible, energy conservation, work simplification, use RPE scale, function, fall prevention, adapting environment, maybe recommend AD & fit, caregiver training, positioning, bed mob & trnsf, pn manage
🗑
|
||||
| insulin | produced by beta cells in Islets of Langerhans, which is in pancreas. moves glucose from blood to cells or to liver
🗑
|
||||
| type I DM | insulin dependent, no insulin production, onset under 30 yrs, less than 10% of cases, abrupt onset, normal thin body type, ketoacidosis may occur
🗑
|
||||
| type II DM | non-insulin dependent, caused by increased resistance to insulin, onset over 40 yrs, more than 90% of cases, gradual onset, obese body type, ketoacidosis rare
🗑
|
||||
| risk factors DM | heredity, family hx, ethnicity, old age, gestational DM, obesity & inactivy, hypertension, HDL's less than 35 or triglyceride over 250, hx of vascular disease
🗑
|
||||
| cardinal signs of DM | glucouria (glycosuria-glucose in urine), polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (extreme thirst), polyphagia (extreme hunger), ketouria (ketones in urine), weakness, fatigue
🗑
|
||||
| clinical manifestations of DM-vascular-small vessel dx | retinopathy, kidney dx
🗑
|
||||
| clinical manifestations of DM-vascular-large vessel dx | CAD, MI, CVA, PVD (heart attack main cause of death)
🗑
|
||||
| clinical manifestations of DM-impaired healing | increased risk for infections: skin, UTI, vaginal
🗑
|
||||
| clinical manifestations of DM- musculoskeletal | multiple problems, osteoporosis, we rx with light resistance and wt bearing, not too heavy a load and careful stretching
🗑
|
||||
| clinical manifestations of DM- neuropathy | symptoms move distal to proximal, SENSORY- cutaneous, proprioception, increase injury, rocker bottom foot. MOTOR-weakness, claw toes, flat foot. AUTONOMIC-no sweating
🗑
|
||||
| DM diagnosed... | by blood sugar levels- HYPO-less than 70- HYPER- more than 250
🗑
|
||||
| clinical signs of hyperglycemia | dehydration, ketoacidosis, thirst, abdominal pn, N&V, lethargy, LOC, coma, fruity breath, dry mouth, skin
🗑
|
||||
| clinical signs of hypoglycemia | faint, shaky, sweating, speech disturbance, double vision, cloudy, LOC, coma, HA
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
jessigirrl4
Popular Physical Therapy sets