Leadership and Management (Karcher)
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| Transactional | traditional boss image. Understands there is a superior that makes decisions with little or no input from other.
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| Transformational | seeks input from others, collaborates, consensus seeking, works on interpersonal skills
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| Formal | Person who has the title and office. Based on official position in organization.
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| Informal | person without office and title. Has followers'. Has respect of individuals. Derive power from their unique characteristics.
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| Core Traits of Leaders | Passion, integrity, curiosity, intelligence, interpersonal skills.
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| Styles of Leadership | Autocratic, laissez-faire, democratic
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| Autocratic | authoritative, dictation, strong control over group
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| Autocratic | works well in code or disaster situation
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| Laissez-faire | permissive little or no control over the group
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| Laissez-faire | no direction, but you know end product
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| Democratic | less control, decision making involves others
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| Management Functions | planning, staffing, organizing, directing, controlling
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| Planning | philosophy, goals, objectives, managing planned change
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| Staffing | recruiting, interviewing, hiring, and staffing development
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| Organization | determine patient care delivery, working within within the structure of the organization
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| Directing | human resources management, motivating, conflict management, delegating.
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| Controlling | performance appraisals & quality control
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| Nurse Practice Act | law in each state protecting you. Board of nursing enforces this and it defines scope of practice- legal
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| Nurse Practice Act | LPN, RN, APN
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| Nurse Practice Act | in charge of examination and education guidelines. They also design the scope of the practice
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| ANA | Code of ethic & Standards of practice. Not legal
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| Communication Skills | Aggressive & Passive
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| Aggressive | communication is direct and in a hostile manner that does infringe on a person's right
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| Passive | occurs when a person suffers in silence although they feel very strongly about an issue
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| aggressive | "I'm gonna humiliate you & prove you did wrong."
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| passive | these people avoid conflict
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| Emotional Intelligence | capacity to get optimal results from relationships with others
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| Accountability | individual agrees to be morally responsible for the consequence of their actions
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| leadership | key to organizational success
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| communication skills | the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information by speech, signals, writing or behavior
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| assertive communication | allows one to express themselves in a direct honest approach that does not infringe on another person's right
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| time management | making optimal use of available time
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| time management | time to be set aside for planning; completion of highest priority task and completion of one task before starting another; reprioritization of new task based on new information
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| change theory | dynamic process leading to alteration in behavior
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| change agent | good leadership skills are needed to take you through the change process
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| Strategies of Change: Traditional | normative;rational;power
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| normative | reeducative
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| rational | empirical
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| power | coercion
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| normative | social/group norms, influenced by peers to change
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| rational | if you give them evidence and information, they will change
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| power | threatening with authoritative model
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| lewin's model of change | planned change occurs in a 3 step process: unfreezing, moving and refreezing
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| unfreezing | assessing and planning
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| moving | implementation
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| refreezing | evaluation
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| conflict | internal or external discord that results from differences in values, ideas or feelings between two or more people
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| intergroup conflict | between two or more groups of people, departments, or organizations
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| interpersonal conflict | "horizontal violence" or "bulling" happens between two or more people with differing values, goals and beliefs.
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| workplace violence | various antisocial behaviors and incidents that lead a person to believe that he or she has been harmed by the experience
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| compromising | each party gives up something it wants
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| competing | one party pursues what it wants at the expense of others
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| coooperating/accomodating | one party sacrifices his or her beliefs and allows the other to win
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| smoothing | one person smoothes others involved in the conflict to reduce the emotional component of the conflict
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| avoiding | both parties aware but choose not to acknowledge it or resolve it
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| collaborating | an assertive and cooperative means of resolution that results in a win-win situation
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| organizational structure | centralization and decentralization
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| centralization | no input from people below; limited number of people at the top making decisions
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| decentralization | everyone has input
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| chain of command | formal path of communication
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| Nursing Care Delivery | transitional: total care, functional, team nursing, primary nursing, modular nursing
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| Nursing Care Delivery | contemporary: case management, patient centered care, differentiated practice
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| total care | referred to as the case method
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| total care | total responsibility for the planning and delivery care to a patient
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| total care | high autonomy
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| total care | RN delivers everything- making all of the decisions
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| total care | you dont have to delegate to anyone
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| total care | still working under HCP orders
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| functional nursing | also known as task nursing
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| functional nursing | assembly line
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| functional nursing | used by ancillary services
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| functional nursing | fragmented care
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| functional nursing | decreased staff satisfaction and patient satisfaction
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| team nursing | group dynamics
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| team nursing | has a leader who is not a the bedside, but makes the assignments
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| team nursing | team conference
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| team nursing | job satisfaction
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| primary nursing | relationship based nursing
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| primary nursing | model of organizing- bring back RN to the bedside
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| primary nursing | autonomy, authority, accountability
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| primary nursing | from admission to discharge
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| primary nursing | 24 hour responsibility
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| modular nursing | team concepts in small groups that remain constant
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| modular nursing | are defined in a geographical area
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| case management | quality care while streamlining cost
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| case management | critical pathways
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| case management | expected outcomes with timeframes
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| case management | standardized care for diagnosis
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| length of stay | used to measure the duration of a single episode of hospitalization
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| nurse role in LOS | as soon as patient is admitted the nurse must have a discharge plan in place
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