Characteristics of neurons and more.
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| Sensory neurons | Communicate information from the environment (such as light or sound) to the brain.
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| Motor neurons | Communicate information from the central nervous system to the muscles. (example: Blinking your eyes activates thousands of motor neurons). Signals for muscles to contract.
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| Inter-neurons | Communicate information from one neuron to another.
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| Neuron | Highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical form; a nerve cell.
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| Dendrites | Multiple short fibers that extend from the neuron's cell body and receive information from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells.
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| Axon | The long fluid filled tube that carries a neuron's message to other body areas.
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| Cell body | Processes nutrients and provides energy for the neuron to function; contains the cell's nucleus; also called the soma.
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| Glial cells, or glia | Support cells that assist neurons by providing structural support, nutrition, and removal of cell wastes; manufacture myelin.
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| Myelin sheath | A white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increases their communication speed.
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| Action potential | A brief electrical impulse by which information is transmitted along the axon of a neuron.
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| Stimulus threshold | The minimum level of stimulation required to activate a particular neuron.
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| Resting potential | State in which a neuron is prepared to activate and communicate its message if it receives sufficient stimulation.
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| All or none law | The principle that either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur.
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| Synapse | The point of communication between two neurons.
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| Synaptic gap | The tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of the adjoining neuron.
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| Axon terminal | Branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs, called synaptic vesicles.
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| Synaptic vesicles | Tiny pouches or sacs in the axon terminals that contain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
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| Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers manufactured by a neuron.
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