New drugs for 2007
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| Aliskiren (Tekturna) | Hypertension, renin inhibitor, suppresses Angiotensin I formation, oral pills, 150 mg daily
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| Ixabepilone (Ixempra) | new antineoplastic agent, Breast cancer, bind to tubulin -> arrests cells at G2/M phase -> apoptosis
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| Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) | ADHD, prodrug, stimulates CNS, increases BP, need to monitor heart
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| Nebivolol (Bystolic) | Hypertension, beta adrenergic receptor blocker, might treat heart failure, unique - produces NO-dependent vasodilation
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| which of the extended usage Peni is taken orally? | Carbenicillin (Geocillin), other (Tirarcillin, pipercillin) are used IV
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| amoxicillin versus ampicillin? | amoxi - more polar, easier absorbed, might be taken with food, orally
ampi - IV, if orally only on empty stomach, wider range than amoxicillin
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| what is the usage of ampicillin? | staph, strep, Listeria, H. influenza, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, E.Coli, Enterobacter
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| what do you know about Zosyn? | Zosyn = pipercillin + tazobactam, Tx of moderate to severe infections (E.Coli, Pseudomonas, H.influenza,Proteus), given IV, used for febrile neutropenia, gyno, bone, joint infections, septicemia, intra-abdominal
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| cephalexin (Keflex) | first generation cephalosporin
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| Cephradine (Velocef) | first generation cephalosporin
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| Cefadroxil (Duricef) | first generation cephalosporin
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| Cefactor (Ceclor) | 2nd generation cephalosporin
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| Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) | 2nd generation cephalosporin
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| Cefuroxime (Ceftin) | 2nd generation cephalosporin
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| Cefrodoxime (Vantin) | 3rd generation cephalosporin
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| Ceftiazam (Recephin) | 3rd generation cephalosporin
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| Cefotoxime (Cloforan) | 3rd generation cephalosporin
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| Ceflazidime (Fortaz) | 3rd generation cephalosporin
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| Cefipime (Maxipime) | 4rd generation cephalosporin
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| what beta-lactam AB are used to treat life-threatening intra-abdominal infection? | Carbapenem, Azactam
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| antibiotic binding to 30 S subunit ... | inhibits tRNA function and block protein synthesis (example - tetra)
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| antibiotic binding to 50 S subunit ... | prevents translocation (example - Clindamycin and macrolides )
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| usage of Tetra (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline).. | broad: Gram + and -, Mycoplasma, Ricketsia, Chlamydia, AA, H. pylori
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| usage of Macrolides (azitro, claritro, erytro)... | narrow: Gram + cocci and bacilli, chlamydia (azitro),
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| what`s unique about Linezolid (Zyvox) | binds to 70S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis early on, no x-R with other AB
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| usage of Linezoid (Zyvox) | Gram + cocci, rods, methicliin- r and vancomycin -R staph
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| what`s a Synercid? | combo of streptogramins A and B, bind to 50S, used for methicillin-R Staph and Entero faecium
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| usage of Chloramphenicol? | wide: binds to 50S, TOXIC!!! -> aplastic anemia, gray baby, leukopenia, throbmocytopenia,
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| what is Atridox? | tetracycline derived AB, used for chronic adult perio
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| what is Arestin? | minocycline hydrochloride used for reduction of perio pockets
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| What is Periostat? | doxycylcine, used in perio for Tx of AA, adult periodontitis, inhibits collagenase activity
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| 3 side effects of tetra? | superinfections, enamel hypoplasia, photosensitivity
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| what are tetracyclines drug interactions? | with penicillin -> reduced peni effect, with antiacid -> reduced tetra absorption,
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| name aminoglycosides | strepto, tobra, neo, kana, genta, netilMYCIN and amikacin
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| which group of drugs causes hearing loss, nephrotoxicity and neuromuscular blockage? | aminoglycosides (-mycins)
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| Paliperidone (Invega) 2006 | Tx of schizophrenia, serotonergic and dopaminergic antagonist, oral, once a day
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| Rasagiline (Azilect) 2006 | Tx of Parkinson’s D, inhibits MOA -> increase of dopa -> reduction of symptoms; oral, once/day.
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| adverse side effects of Rasagiline (Azilect)? | dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, headache and weight loss.
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| Sitagliptin (Januvia) 2006 | Tx of DM (II), more incretin -> inc insulin and decreased glucagon synthesis; oral, once/daily
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| Varenicline (Chantix) 2006 | smoking cessation, nicotinic receptor agonist, binds to SERO+ DOPA receptors too, oral, dose changes
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| Posaconazole (Noxafil) 2006 | antifungal, in HIV pt, inhibits ergosterol synthesis, orally in liquid form 3x/daily
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| side effects of Posaconazole (Noxafil)? | fever, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, headache, mucositis, and arthralgia
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| Tigecycline (Tygacil) 2005 | new AB (glycylcycline), binds to 30S, used for MRSA and VREF infections, intra-abdominal
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| Ramelteon (Rozerem) 2005 | insomnia Tx, novel melatonin receptor agonist (for MT1 and MT2, no addiction
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| The dose of clindamycin for prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis is ...? | 600 mg
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| The dose of amoxicillin as standard prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis or joint replacement implant pt is? | 2g
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| according to ADA which dental procedures have high risk for bacteremia? | scaling, probing, ortho bands, perio surgery
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| Time to peak blood levels of penicillin VK after oral administration of tablets is ? | 30 min to 1 hour
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| Augmentin = potassium clavulanate + ...? | AMX
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| what drug first isolated from a sewer pipe on the island of Sardinia? | cephalosporins
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| what is the first line antibiotic to treat late dental infections? | clindamycin
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| which drugs (dental AB) cause hypersensitivities? | penicillins (10%), then cephalosporins,
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| which drugs Increase the risk of “statin”-induced muscle breakdown and myalgia ? | macrolides (erythro, azithro, clarithro)
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| which drug should not be combined with alcohol (even 3 days after)? | metronidazole,
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| if pt is taking 8-10 drugs, what`s the chance for interaction? | 20 out of 100
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| Subcutaneous injections: delivery time is ...? | 10-15 minutes
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| give example of ligand gated channel? | nicotinic/Ach
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| give an example of metabotropic, G-protein coupled receptor? | muscarinic/Ach
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