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2007 Drugs
New drugs for 2007
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aliskiren (Tekturna) | Hypertension, renin inhibitor, suppresses Angiotensin I formation, oral pills, 150 mg daily |
| Ixabepilone (Ixempra) | new antineoplastic agent, Breast cancer, bind to tubulin -> arrests cells at G2/M phase -> apoptosis |
| Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) | ADHD, prodrug, stimulates CNS, increases BP, need to monitor heart |
| Nebivolol (Bystolic) | Hypertension, beta adrenergic receptor blocker, might treat heart failure, unique - produces NO-dependent vasodilation |
| which of the extended usage Peni is taken orally? | Carbenicillin (Geocillin), other (Tirarcillin, pipercillin) are used IV |
| amoxicillin versus ampicillin? | amoxi - more polar, easier absorbed, might be taken with food, orally ampi - IV, if orally only on empty stomach, wider range than amoxicillin |
| what is the usage of ampicillin? | staph, strep, Listeria, H. influenza, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, E.Coli, Enterobacter |
| what do you know about Zosyn? | Zosyn = pipercillin + tazobactam, Tx of moderate to severe infections (E.Coli, Pseudomonas, H.influenza,Proteus), given IV, used for febrile neutropenia, gyno, bone, joint infections, septicemia, intra-abdominal |
| cephalexin (Keflex) | first generation cephalosporin |
| Cephradine (Velocef) | first generation cephalosporin |
| Cefadroxil (Duricef) | first generation cephalosporin |
| Cefactor (Ceclor) | 2nd generation cephalosporin |
| Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) | 2nd generation cephalosporin |
| Cefuroxime (Ceftin) | 2nd generation cephalosporin |
| Cefrodoxime (Vantin) | 3rd generation cephalosporin |
| Ceftiazam (Recephin) | 3rd generation cephalosporin |
| Cefotoxime (Cloforan) | 3rd generation cephalosporin |
| Ceflazidime (Fortaz) | 3rd generation cephalosporin |
| Cefipime (Maxipime) | 4rd generation cephalosporin |
| what beta-lactam AB are used to treat life-threatening intra-abdominal infection? | Carbapenem, Azactam |
| antibiotic binding to 30 S subunit ... | inhibits tRNA function and block protein synthesis (example - tetra) |
| antibiotic binding to 50 S subunit ... | prevents translocation (example - Clindamycin and macrolides ) |
| usage of Tetra (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline).. | broad: Gram + and -, Mycoplasma, Ricketsia, Chlamydia, AA, H. pylori |
| usage of Macrolides (azitro, claritro, erytro)... | narrow: Gram + cocci and bacilli, chlamydia (azitro), |
| what`s unique about Linezolid (Zyvox) | binds to 70S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis early on, no x-R with other AB |
| usage of Linezoid (Zyvox) | Gram + cocci, rods, methicliin- r and vancomycin -R staph |
| what`s a Synercid? | combo of streptogramins A and B, bind to 50S, used for methicillin-R Staph and Entero faecium |
| usage of Chloramphenicol? | wide: binds to 50S, TOXIC!!! -> aplastic anemia, gray baby, leukopenia, throbmocytopenia, |
| what is Atridox? | tetracycline derived AB, used for chronic adult perio |
| what is Arestin? | minocycline hydrochloride used for reduction of perio pockets |
| What is Periostat? | doxycylcine, used in perio for Tx of AA, adult periodontitis, inhibits collagenase activity |
| 3 side effects of tetra? | superinfections, enamel hypoplasia, photosensitivity |
| what are tetracyclines drug interactions? | with penicillin -> reduced peni effect, with antiacid -> reduced tetra absorption, |
| name aminoglycosides | strepto, tobra, neo, kana, genta, netilMYCIN and amikacin |
| which group of drugs causes hearing loss, nephrotoxicity and neuromuscular blockage? | aminoglycosides (-mycins) |
| Paliperidone (Invega) 2006 | Tx of schizophrenia, serotonergic and dopaminergic antagonist, oral, once a day |
| Rasagiline (Azilect) 2006 | Tx of Parkinson’s D, inhibits MOA -> increase of dopa -> reduction of symptoms; oral, once/day. |
| adverse side effects of Rasagiline (Azilect)? | dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, headache and weight loss. |
| Sitagliptin (Januvia) 2006 | Tx of DM (II), more incretin -> inc insulin and decreased glucagon synthesis; oral, once/daily |
| Varenicline (Chantix) 2006 | smoking cessation, nicotinic receptor agonist, binds to SERO+ DOPA receptors too, oral, dose changes |
| Posaconazole (Noxafil) 2006 | antifungal, in HIV pt, inhibits ergosterol synthesis, orally in liquid form 3x/daily |
| side effects of Posaconazole (Noxafil)? | fever, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, headache, mucositis, and arthralgia |
| Tigecycline (Tygacil) 2005 | new AB (glycylcycline), binds to 30S, used for MRSA and VREF infections, intra-abdominal |
| Ramelteon (Rozerem) 2005 | insomnia Tx, novel melatonin receptor agonist (for MT1 and MT2, no addiction |
| The dose of clindamycin for prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis is ...? | 600 mg |
| The dose of amoxicillin as standard prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis or joint replacement implant pt is? | 2g |
| according to ADA which dental procedures have high risk for bacteremia? | scaling, probing, ortho bands, perio surgery |
| Time to peak blood levels of penicillin VK after oral administration of tablets is ? | 30 min to 1 hour |
| Augmentin = potassium clavulanate + ...? | AMX |
| what drug first isolated from a sewer pipe on the island of Sardinia? | cephalosporins |
| what is the first line antibiotic to treat late dental infections? | clindamycin |
| which drugs (dental AB) cause hypersensitivities? | penicillins (10%), then cephalosporins, |
| which drugs Increase the risk of “statin”-induced muscle breakdown and myalgia ? | macrolides (erythro, azithro, clarithro) |
| which drug should not be combined with alcohol (even 3 days after)? | metronidazole, |
| if pt is taking 8-10 drugs, what`s the chance for interaction? | 20 out of 100 |
| Subcutaneous injections: delivery time is ...? | 10-15 minutes |
| give example of ligand gated channel? | nicotinic/Ach |
| give an example of metabotropic, G-protein coupled receptor? | muscarinic/Ach |
Created by:
fufik
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