Unit I Slides
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| The most abundant base in body fluids | HCO3
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| A substance that reacts with an acid or base to prevent large change in pH | Buffer
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| What is normal blood pH at sea level? | 7.35-7.45
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| Normal urine pH? | 4-8
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| Can generate additional bicarbonate and eliminate excess hydrogen, responds from hours to days! can maintain balance indefinitely in chronic imbalances | Renal System
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| Acid-base Imbalance is produced when ____ ratio between acid and base content is altered. Occurs when compensatory mechanisms fail | 1:20
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| Affect carbonic acid concentration | Respiratory Imbalance
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| Affect bicarbonate | Metabolic Imbalance
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| Provide information about: Acid-base status, Underlying cause of imbalance, Body’s ability to regulate pH, Overall oxygen status | ABG's
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| What is normal paCO2 at sea level? | 35-45 mmHg
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| What is normal paO2 at sea level? | 80-100 mmHg
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| What is normal HCO3- at sea level? | 22-26 mEq/L
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| What is normal SaO2 at sea level? | >95%
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| What is the bodies compensatory mechanism for Respiratory Acidosis? | Kidneys conserve HCO3- and secrete H+ into urine
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| Primary cause is due to hypoxemia due to acute pulmonary disorder, Hyperventilation, Compensation- buffering with Cl- shift out of cell (acute); renal excretion of HCO3 -(chronic) | Respiratory Akalosis
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| Causes LOC, confusion, restlessness, stupor, coma, Headache, Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, Warm/flushed skin, Hyperkalemia? | Respiratory Acidosis
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| Causes DKA, uremia, acidic drugs, lactic acidosis, renal failure? | Metabolic Acidosis (Add +1acid)
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| Diarrhea, pancreatic problems, laxatives? | Metabolic Acidosis (Minus -1 base)
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| Kussmaul respiration; kidneys attempt to excrete additional acid? | Compensation for Metabolic Acidosis
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| Caused by antacids, massive blood transfusions? | Metabolic Alkalosis (Add+1 base)
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| Etiology; NGT suction, vomiting, steroids, diuretic therapy, hypokalemia? | Metabolic Alkalosis (Minus -1 acid)
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| What is the compensatory mechanism for Metabolic Alkalosis? | Decreased respiratory rate; renal excretion of HCO3
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| CNS excitability, hyperactive reflexes, convulsions, Dysrhythmias, Hypokalemia, Treatment- treat cause, K replacement, +/- Diamox? | Metabolic Alkalosis- Behavior/Treatment
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| The three mechanisms by which the body regulates acid-base balance. | Buffer, Respiratory & Renal
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| Is the fastest-acting system and the primary regulator of acid-base balance. | Buffer System
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