U1 KA 2 Transport across membranes
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| What is Diffusion | The movement of molecules of a substance FROM their area of HIGHER concentration TO their area of LOWER concentration until they are evenly spread.
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| What happens to the rate of diffusion when there is a steeper concentration gradient | It is faster
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| Name 2 substances that diffuse INTO cells in the tissues | Oxygen,
Glucose,
Amino Acids,
Water
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| Name 2 substances that can diffuse out of cells in the tissues | Carbon dioxide,
Urea
Water
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| What do you call the holes found in cell membranes | Pores (or channels)
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| What size must molecules be to be able to diffuse into and out of cells | Small
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| What is the name we give to a membrane that chooses what can pass through it? | Selectively permeable
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| What are the names of the 2 different types of molecule which make up the cell membrane | Phospho-lipid molecules,
Protein molecules
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| Is diffusion Active or Passive | Passive
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| What does Passive mean | Does not require Energy
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| What is Osmosis | The name for the diffusion of water
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| Define Osmosis | Osmosis is the movement of WATER molecules from their area of higher water concentration to their area of lower water concentration THROUGH A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE.
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| Is Osmosis Active or Passive | Passive
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| Define Active transport | The movement of molecules AGAINST their concentration gradient from an area of LOWER concentration to an area of HIGHER concentration.
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| Does Active Transport require energy? | Yes
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| What happens to ALL cells when placed in 100% water? | They GAIN mass by osmosis.
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| What happens to ALL cells when placed in a solutions of a lower water concentration? | They LOSE mass by osmosis.
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| What happens to ALL cells when placed in a solution with the same water concentration as their cytoplasm? | Nothing
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| What eventually happens to animal cells in solutions with a water concentration GREATER than the cell cytoplasm? | BURST
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| What eventually happens to animal cells placed in a solution with a water concentration LESS than the cell cytoplasm? | SHRIVEL
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| What eventually happens to PLANT cells in solutions with a water concentration GREATER than the cell cytoplasm? | They swell up and become TURGID
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| What eventually happens to PLANT cells in a solution with a water concentration LESS than the cell cytoplasm? | They shrivel and become PLASMOLYSED
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| What direction do molecules or ions move during active transport? | Against the concentration gradient.
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| What molecule must be present in the cell membrane for active transport? | Protein
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| Does active transport need energy? | Yes
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| Name a molecule or ion that can be moved into or out of a cell by active transport. | Sodium or Potassium or Iodine
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