Male Reproductive and Genitourinary Tumors
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| High gleason score for prostate cancer | Poorly differentiated tumor, thus worse prognosis (Mosbys pg. 186)
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| Most common site of distant metastasis for prostate cancer | Bone (Mosbys pg. 185)
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| Prostate Specific Antigen | Found in seminal vesicle fluid and plasma that is produced by benign and malignant cells (V/D pg. 150)
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| Pattern of lymphatic spread for prostate cancer | Periprostatic and obturator nodes first involved followed by external iliac, hypogastric, common iliac, and periaortic nodes (W/L pg. 824)
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| 75% of prostate cancers present in this location of the gland | Peripheral zone
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| Narrowing of opening of the prepuce that may cause penile cancer | Phimosis (W/L pg. 839)
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| White secretion that collects under the prepuce of the foreskin | Smegma (W/L pg. 839)
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| Most common site of metastatic spread for penile cancer | Inguinal nodes (W/L pg. 841)
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| Causes of testicular cancer | Cryptorchidism, Klinefelter syndrome, Mumps orchitis (Mosbys pg. 186)
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| Most common histology of testicular cancers | Seminoma (V/D pg. 158)
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| Most common lymph nodes involved in testicular cancer | Periaortic nodes along the lumbar vertebra and below the kidneys (V/D pg. 159)
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| Hockey stick treatment field | Seminomas with periaortic and ipsilateral inguinal area involvement (V/D pg. 161)
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| Radiation dose for seminomas | Very low (25 Gy) because of their extreme radiosensitivity (V/D pg. 160)
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| Signs and symptoms of painless mass/swelling, gynecomastia, infertility, back pain | Testicular cancer (Mosbys pg. 186)
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| Treatment techniques for seminomas | Orchiectomy followed by external beam radiation (V/D pg. 160)
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| Treatment techniques for nonseminomas | Orchiectomy followed by cisplatin based chemotherapy (W/L pg. 852)
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| Von Hippel Lindau disease associated with this type of cancer | Renal cell cancer (W/L pg. 854)
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| Location of kidneys | Retroperitoneal space between 11th rib and transverse process of L3- right kidney usually 1 to 2 cm lower than left (W/L pg. 854)
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| Most common sign of renal cell carcinoma | Gross or microscopic hematuria (W/L pg. 855)
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| Gerota’s fascia | Envelops kidney in its fibrous capsule and perinephric fat (W/L pg. 854)
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| Most common location of bladder cancer | Trigone (V/D pg. 145)
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| First route of spread for bladder carcinoma | Direct extension in and through bladder walls and muscle (Mosbys pg. 192)
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| Common lymphatics involved with bladder cancer | Common, external, internal iliac, and obturator (Mosbys pg. 192)
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| Distant metastasis of bladder cancer | First to bone then to liver, lung, and rarely skin (Mosbys pg. 192)
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| Location from which kidney cancers usually arise | Renal cortex (Mosbys pg. 280)
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| Histology of cancers manifesting in renal pelvis | Transitional cell (Mosbys pg. 280)
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| Histology of cancers manifesting in renal cortex | Adenocarcinoma (Mosbys pg. 280)
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| Intravenous pyelogram | Diagnostic study for kidney cancer (W/L pg. 855)
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| Chemotherapy agents used to treat transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis | MVAC- methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin, cisplatin (W/L pg. 857)
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| Cause of death from bladder cancer | Liver failure and uremia (Mosbys pg. 192)
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