Science chapter 19
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| heredity | passing of traits from parents to offspring
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| trait | an inherited characteristics of an organism
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| allele | one of the different forms of a trait
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| chromosome | a rod or x shaped structure made of DNA
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| gene | a section of DNA that contains the information of one trait
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| genetics | study of heredity
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| dominant | A gene that determines a phenotype in combination with another gene it can mask other forms
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| recessive | a gene that is only expressed if there are no other dominant genes present, otherwise they are hidden or masked
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| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait (they are the same)
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| heterozygous | having one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait (they are different)
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| genotype | combination of genes for a trait
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| phenotype | way the genes are expressed, the way the organism appears for a trait
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| mitosis | nuclear division producing two identical cells with full number of chromosomes
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| meiosis | nuclear division producing four (non-identical gametes) with half the number of chromosomes
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| gamete | a sex cell (involved in sexual reproduction)
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| sperm | the male gamete
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| egg | the female gamete
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| somatic cell | a normal body cell, not a gamete
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| fertilization | the union (joining) of a male gamete and a female gamete
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| zygote | the cell resulting from fertilization
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| Punnett square | tool used to predict gene combinations and expressed traits of an offspring
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| Who was Gregor Mendel? | a monk in Australia, born in 1822
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| What did Mendel study | garden peas, lifted the confusion on how traits are passed on from one generation to the next
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| An upper case letter represents what? | the dominant gene. for example he used "T" to describe the dominant Tallness gene
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| lower case letter is for what? | recessive gene
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| What happens with mitosis occurs in humans? | all 23 pairs of chromosomes duplicate and a full se of chromosomes passes into each daughter cell.
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| Why is mitosis important | because we need exact copies of cells to replace old or dying cells throughout our bodies
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| What happens in sexual reproduction | a new individual is formed that has different looks, abilities, and behavior from its parents
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| what happens in meiosis | parents produce sex cells (eggs or sperm) that contain exactly half as many chromosomes as body cells.
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| each male sex cell (sperm)has how many single chromosomes? | 23 single chromosomes
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| each female sex cell (egg) has how many single chromosomes | 23 single chromosomes
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| How many possible combinations can genes be paired | 4
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| Who is Reginald Punnett | English Geneticist at Cambridge University
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| What did Reginald Punnett do? | developed a way to display the possible ways that genes could pair during genetic cross
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| What was the display called that Reginald Punnett developed? | "Punnett square"
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| What did the Punnett square look like | a large box divided into four small boxes
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| Where do you write the trait from the female parent in the Punnett square? | above the square
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| where did the same trait for the male parent go | left of the square
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| what did you write inside the squares | the possible outcomes
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| What does the Punnett square show? | the probability that specific genotypes will occur (it does not predict which gene will become the offspring's genotype)
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| Who is Dolly | a sheep that was cloned in march 1997
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| How was Dolly created | from the DNA of just one parent
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| Dolly is from what species | a white sheep called Finn Dorset
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| How are identical twins formed? | from a single Zygote, they have identical genes
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| how are fraternal twins formed | from two different fertilized eggs. fraternal twins are not identical. they are like same ages sibling's. they do not have identical genes
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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