PHAR2002 Term 1 Drugs
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| Excitatory NANC | ATP, Substance P
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| Inhibitory NANC | Neurotensin, VIP
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| Muscarinic ACh receptors are antagonized by ... and produced by ... doses of ACh | Atropine, Low
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| Nicotinic ACh receptors are antagonized by ... and produced by ... doses of ACh | Tubocurarine, High
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| Adrenaline release from Adrenal Medulla blocked by | Hexamethonium
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| Muscarinic Agonists | ACh, Methacholine, Carbachol, Pilocarpine
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| Muscarinic Antagonists | Atropine, Hyoscine (Scopolamine), Homatrophine
All tertiary bases --> enter brain easily
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| Ganglion-blocking Drugs | Hexamethonium (no longer used, too many side effects), Trimetaphan (controlled hypotension during surgery)
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| Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs | Hemicholinium (inhibits reuptake of ACh), Botulinium toxin (blocks release of ACh at NMJ), Streptomycin (inhibits ACh by blocking Ca entry)
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| Clinically Useful NM Blocking Agents | Pancuronium/Atracurium (competitive blocks, Myastenia Gravis sensitive), Suxamethonium (depolarizing block)
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| Types of Cholinesterases (ChE) | Acetylcholinesterase (ChE), Butyrylcholinesterase
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| ChE Inhibitors | Slow-acting: Erdophonium
Medium-Long/Reversible: Neostigmine, Eserine
Long/Irreversible: Dyflos, Organophosphates
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| ChE Reactivators (for Organophosphate poisoning) | Pralidoxime
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| Bile acid binding Resins, Fibrates, Niacin, Inhibitors of Cholesterol from Gut | Cholestyramine, Fenofibrate, Nicotinic acid, Ezetimibe
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| Inflammatory Mediators for Heat/Redness | Histamine, NO, Bradykinin
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| Inflammatory Mediators for Swelling | Histamine, PAF, Bradykinin
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| Inflammatory Mediators for Pain | Substance P, Calcitonin-gene related peptide, Bradykinin
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| Inflammatory Mediators for Loss of Function | Lipases, Proteases, Free radicals
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| Histamine Equation | Histidine --(Histidine Carboxylase)--> Histamine
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| Metabolism of Histamine | Oxidation - Diamine oxidase (histaminase)
N-methylation - N-methyltransferase
Acetylation - Gut flora
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| Bradykinin Equation | Kininogens --> Kallidin --(Aminopeptidase)--> Bradykinin
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| Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Equation | Acly-PAF --(PLA2)--> lysoPAF --(Acetylation)-->PAF
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| Cytokines | Interleukins, Tumor necrosis factors, Interferons
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| H1 Agonist | 2-methyl histamine
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| H1 Antagonist that CROSS BBB | Diphenhydramine, Chlopheniramine
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| H1 Antagonist that DO NOT CROSS BBB | Astemizole, Terfenadin, Cetirizine
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| H2 Agonist | 4-methyl histamine, Dimaprit, Impromidine
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| H2 Antagonist | Cimetidine, Ranitidine
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| Peptic Ulcers: Proton pump inhibitors | Omeprazole
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| Peptic Ulcers: Antacids | Aluminum hydroxide, Magnesium bicarbonate
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| Peptic Ulcers: Coating agents | Sucralfate
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| Peptic Ulcers: Anticholinergic agents | Dicyclomine
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| 2 Metabolic Pathways for Arachidonic Acid | Arach Acid --(5'-lipoxygenase + FLAP)--> HPETE
Arach Acid --(Cyclooxygenase)--> PGG2
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| Eicosanoid Equation | Phospholipid --(Phospholipase A)--> Arachidonate --(Cyclooxygenase)--> Cyclic-endoperoxidases --> PGI2 / TXA2
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| Anti-inflammatory Drugs | Prednisolone, Betamethasone
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| NSAIDs (COX-1 Non-selective inhibitor) | Aspirin, Oxyphenbutazone, Paracetamol, Indomethacin, Meclofenamic acid, Ibuprofen, Naproxen
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| NSAIDs COX-2 Selective inhibitor | Celecoxib
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| Overdose of Aspirin | Forced Alkaline Diuresis
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| Overdose of Paracetamol | Methionine
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| Overdose of Indomethacin | Anti-TNFα
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