Europe's Culture & Government
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| The Chunnel | undersea tunnel beneath English Channel connecting England and France allowing exchange of goods and people
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| St. Peter's Basilica | Rome, Italy; Renaissance church located in Vatican City; burial site of St. Peter
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| Louvre | Paris, France; now a museum, used to be fortress and palace of King Louis XIV
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| Coliseum | Rome, Italy; world's largest amphitheater where Roman gladiators fought
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| L'Arc de Triomphe | Paris, France; monument honoring fallen soldiers of French wars
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| Parthenon | Athens, Greece; ancient Classical Greek temple to goddess Athena
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| Notre Dame Cathedral | Paris, France; one of largest Roman Catholic churches in world; Gothic architecture
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| Vatican City | Rome, Italy; walled compound that is smallest independent state in world
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| Eiffel Tower | Paris, France; 1889 entrance to World's Fair,used to be world's tallest structure
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| Big Ben and Houses of Parliament | Big Ben is largest bell in Elizabethan (clock) Tower; House of Lords & House of Commons are governmental bodies of U.K. that meet in Parliament
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| Chernobyl, Ukraine | city in Ukraine that was site of 1986 worst nuclear disaster in history
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| Cyprus | island country in Mediterranean Sea seized by Alexander the Great; farming spread to Europe from Middle East through Cyprus
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| Balkan Peninsula | region of Southeast Europe with many diverse ethnic groups bordered by Balkan Mountains
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| Francophone | areas with French-speaking people; in Europe-France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Monaco, Switzerland
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| Black Forest | polluted areas of Poland, Germany & Czech Republic covered in black soot from coal burning pollution that releases sulfur emissions
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| Chalets | wood homes with low level living area and narrow roofs to hold heat in mountainous areas of Alps, Switzerland & Bavaria (Germany)
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| Tiled Roofs | roof tiles made to withstand heat and keep home cool in warm Mediterranean areas of Southern France and Italy
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| Crusades | Holy War fighters who tried to regain Holy Land from Muslims but failed, also tried to convert unbelievers throughout Europe
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| Renaissance | means "rebirth" of knowledge; resurgence of art, music, literature & philosophy beginning in Italy and spreading throughout Europe
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| Communism | political & economic theory of Karl Marx that government should own and redistribute property; there should be no private property ownership; is antithesis (opposing) to capitalism
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| Socialism | cradle to grave government controlled human services (health care, jobs, housing)
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| Ethnicity | group of people who share common ancestry, language, customs, religion; Europe has more than 40 countries and over 160 different ethnic groups
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| Ethnic Cleansing | when one group expels or kills a rival ethnic group in order to eradicate (eliminate) it; took place in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo with Serbs committing ethnic cleansing against rival groups
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| Genocide | deliberate, systematic (planned) destruction of an ethnic, religious, or national group; example is Rwandan Genocide of Tutsi people in Africa
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| Holocaust | mass genocide of over 6 million Jews and other "undesirables" in Nazi-controlled concentration camps in Germany & Poland; Germany's Adolf Hitler sought to create an Aryan Race
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| Cold War | period of tension between western democracy (U.S.) and Soviet Union & Eastern Europe (U.S.S.R.) bloc communist countries, resulting in escalation of military buildup
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| Comparative Advantage | ability ("efficiency") of a country to produce a good or service at a lower cost than another country, thus giving it an economic advantage over the other country
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| European Union | organization of member countries created in 2000 to unify (join together) to strengthen trading power with rest of world by using common currency; becoming more powerful today
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| NATO [North American Treaty Organization] | military organization created in 1949 of 28 North American & European countries who agree to defend each other if attacked; also called "Atlantic Alliance"; still in existence today
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| Commonwealth of Nations | formed in 1949 by 53 member states of former British Empire territories united by history, culture, democracy, human rights, and rule of law ideals
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| refugees | people who flee to a foreign country for physical, religious, or political sanctuary (safety)
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| Urbanization | movement of people from rural agricultural farming to industry based cities for manufacturing jobs; a result of Industrial Revolution which began in England via coal & iron ore supplying steel industry
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| Windmills | Found in Low Countries (Netherlands & Belgium) along NW Europe's coastline where land is at or below sea level and land is reclaimed for farming & settlement
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Created by:
poffmoore
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