Pathology of Heart and Lungs
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| Aneurysm | A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel.
S&S=Aortic aneurysms;asymptomatic, abdominal or low back pain
Cerebral=severe headache, nausea, stiff neck, seizure, loss of consciousness, double vision
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| Angina Pectoris | A transient precordial sensation of pressure or disocmfort resulting from myocardial ischmia.
S&S=chest pain, neck, back, jaw, shoulders, and arm pain, difficult breathing
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| Atherosclerosis | S&S if blood clots = heart attack symptoms or stroke symptoms
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| Chronic Venous Insufficiency | A condition in which the veins and valves in the LE are damaged and cannot keep blood flowing toward the heart.
S&S=Leg swelling, varicose veins,
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| Cor Pulmonale | AKA Pulmonary heart disease, hypertrophy of the right ventricle caused by altered structure or function of the lungs
S&S=Shortess of breath, fatigue, palpitations, atypical chest pain, swelling of lower extremities, syncope
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| Coronary Artery Disease | The narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to plaque decreasing blood flow
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| Heart Failure | A progressive condition in which the heart cannot maintain a normal cardiac output to meet the body's demands for blood and oxygen.
S&S=SOB, swelling in the legs, feet and abdomen
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| Myocardial Infarction | Occurs when the blood flow through one or more of the coronary arteries is severely reduced or cut off completely.
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| Peripheral Arterial Disease | Stenotic, occlusive, and aneurysmal diseases of the aorta and peripheral arteries
S&S=aching, numbness, or pain in the buttock, thigh, calf or foot at rest or when walking, poorly healing wounds of the legs or feet
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| Vulvular Heart Disease | Damage to one or more of the heart's valves results in regurgitation or stenosis of blood flow.
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| Emphysema | Alveolar walls are destroyed leaving holes in them and Bronchioles collapse during exhalation, not letting air escape.
S&S= SOB, wheezing, barrel chest, use of accessory muscles
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| Pneumonia | Inflammation to the lungs
S&S=fever, cough, SOB, chest pain with breathing, headache
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| Pulmonary Edema | Fluid collects in the alveoli
S&S=extreme SOB, a feeling of suffocating or drowing
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| Pulmonary Embolism | S&S=SOB, chest pain worsens with deep breathing, coughing up bloody sputum, LE swelling, excessive sweating
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| Restrictive Lung Dysfunction | Abnormal reduction in lung expansion and pulmonary ventilation
S&S= Dyspnea on exertion, cough, increased respiration rate, abnormal breathing signs
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| Pneumothorax | S&S=Combined signs of absent breath sounds, sudden onset of chest pain and SOB
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| Hypokalemia | Decreased K- in the blood
S&S=LE crams, hyporeflexia, OH, and dizziness
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| Dyspnea, fatigue and muscle weakness | Left-sided heart failure
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| Peripheral edema and venous congestion of the organs, jugular venous distension, cyanosis of the nail beds | Right-sided heart failure
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| Decreased or absent pulse, pale on elevation, dusky red on dependency | presentation of Atherosclerois
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| Chronic, inflammatory vascular occlusive disease of small arteries and veins. Associated with smoking | what is Buerger's disease?
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| Paresthetic or pain, cyanotic cold extremities, diminished temperature sensation, fatiuge, risk of ulceration and gangrene | s/sxs of Buerger's disease
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| Episodic spasm of small arteries and arterioles. Cold intolerance, tips of fingers develop pallor, cyanonis, numbess and tingleing | Raynaud's disease
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| Shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, atypical chest pain, swelling of lower extremities, syncope, increased HR. | s/sxs of Cor Pulmonale
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