Chapter 14
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| A usually large thunderstorm with a single violent updraft that can maintain itself for many hours | supercell storm
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| The initial stage of an ordinary thunderstorm | cumulus
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| The Leading edge of a thunderstorm's downdraft | gust front
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| A relatively small downburst, less than 4km wide | microburst
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| Thunderstorm with a cluster of cells at various stages of their lifecycle | multicell thunderstorm
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| This often looks like a luminous sphere that appears to float in the air of dart for several seconds | ball lightning
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| An ordinary air mass thunderstorm is most intense during this stage | mature
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| This is caused by an aircraft flying faster than the speed of sound | sonic boom
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| Individual thunderstorms that organize into a large, circular, long lasting convective weather system | Mesoscale Convective Complex
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| The rising spinning column of air inside a supercell thunderstorm | mesocyclone
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| Cloud that often forms along the leading edge of a gust front | shelf cloud
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| Downdrafts throughout an ordinary cell thunderstorm are most like to occur in this stage | dissipating
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| A second surge of electrons that proceeds from the base of a cloud toward t he ground | dart leader
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| Corona discharge and bluish halo that may appear above pointed objects | St. Elmo's fire
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| Rather weak, short-lived tornadoes that often form with building cumulus congestus cloud | landspout
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| When a tornado is spotted the National Weather Service issues a | tornado warning
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| A discharge of electricity from or within a cumulonimbus cloud is | lightning
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| The sound produced by rapidly expanding air along the channel of a lightning stroke is called | thunder
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| Scattered isolated summer thunderstorms that are not severe are called | ordinary air mass thunderstorms
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| In cloud to ground lightning the stepped leader travels____ and the return stroke travels ____ | downward, upward
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| A lightning stroke is seen and 5 seconds later thunder is heard. This means that the lightning stroke how many miles away? | 1 mile
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| When viewing a supercell thunderstrom from the southeast the most likely place for a tornado to develop is in what section of the thunderstorm? | southwest section
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| Ordinary air mass thunderstorm are most likely to form during what time of the day | afternoon
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| Lightning associated with thunderstorm that are too far away for the thunder to be heard is referred to as ____ lightning | heat lightning
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| When it appears that tornadoes are likely to form in a particular area the national weather service issues a ___________ | tornado watch
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| On the Enhanced Fujita Scale the strongest most powerful tornado is classified as EF ____ | EF5
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| A funnel cloud is composed mainly of | cloud droplets
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| When caught in a in a thunderstorm in an open field, the best thing to do is to | crouch down as low as possible
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| When lightning illuminates the cloud in which it occurs but its flash can not be seen the lightning is called | sheet lightning
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| In a region where supercell thunderstorms with tornadoes are forming youwould not expect to observe | a strong ridge of high pressure
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| The majority of tornadoes tend to move form | southwest to northwest
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| The downdraft in an ordinary cell thunderstorm is created mainly by | evaporating raindrops that make the air cold and heavy
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| Tornadoes most frequently form in the | afternoon
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| Damage is usually most severe during a tornado's | mature stage
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| You would most likely expect to see Saint Elmo's fire | at the top of a tall dead tree
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| The funnel cloud characteristic of a tornado is primarily formed by | condensation of a water vapor that is drawn into the low pressure core of the tornado
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| In the United States the greatest annual frequency of hail occurs in | the Central Plains
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| In the United States the greatest annual number of thunderstorms occurs in | Florida
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| The Tornado Belt or Tornado Alley of the United States is located | in the Central Plains
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| For a thunderstorm to spawn a tornado the updraft in the cloud must | rotate
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| The majority of waterspouts | have rotating winds of less than 45 knots
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| Which below would be the largest in actual size | mesoscale convective complex
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| The so called lightning capital of the United States is found in | Florida
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| CAPE is a measure of | how much energy is available to produce updrafts in a thunderstorm
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| In a supercell thunderstorm hail may actually fall from the base of the anvil | T
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| All tornadoes make a distinctive roar | F
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| Lightning may occur from one cloud to another | T
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| One should not open windows as a tornado approaches | T
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| A typical diameter of a tornado would be about one mile | F
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| In the United States tornadoes are most frequent during the summer and least frequent during the fall | F
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| HP Supercells often produce flash flooding and large hail | T
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| On a Doppler radar screen a tornado vortex signature | T
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| Different tornadoes spawned by the same thunderstorm are said to occur in families | T
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| All tornadoes rotate counterclockwise | F
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| The air behind the leading edge of a gust front is normally warmer than the air ahead of it | F
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| Thunder only happens when its raining | F
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| All thunderstorms require rising air | T
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| Only Canada experiences more tornadoes than the United States | F
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| The winds in a typical tornado are usually less than 100 knots | T
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| Thunderstorm training can be responsible for flash flooding | T
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| Waterspouts may form with cumulus congestus clouds | T
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| The top part of a thunderstorm usually has a positive charge | T
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| A possible reason hailstones become negatively charged and ice crystals positively charged is that in a cloud there is a net transfer of positive ions from warmer objects to colder objects | T
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| The fair weather waterspout is normally smaller and less intense than the average tornado | T
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| Nighttime thunderstorms over the Central Plains of the United States appear to be related to a low level southerly jet stream | T
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| Lightning can momentarily heat the air to 3000C | T
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| Doppler radar in conjuction with algorithms help forecasters determine which thundertstorms are most likely to produce severe weather | T
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| Red sprites and blue jets are associated with thunderstorms | T
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| Gustnadoes and landspouts are examples of nonsupercell tornadoes | T
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| On a radar screen one would most likely see a bow echo with a squall line | T
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| A heat burst forms from the intense heat generated by a lightning flash | F
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| A large gust front could be called an outflow boundary | T
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| Most rain wrapped tornadoes are easily identified by observers | F
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| Ball lightning is a very common form of lightning | F
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| A mesoscale convection vortex is often associated with severe weather | T
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| A tornado cloud whose circulation has not reached the ground | funnel cloud
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| Measures speed at which precipitation is moving horizontally toward or away from you | Doppler Radar
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| Rapidly rotating small whirls that sometimes occur within a large tornado | suction vortices
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| A small area of high pressure created by the cold, heavy air of a thunderstorm's downsdraft | mesohigh
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| A line of thunderstorms that form along or out ahead of an advancing cold front | squall line
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| Classifies tornadoes according to damage incurred by the tornado's winds | derecho
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| Tornadoes that form along a gust front | gustnadoes
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| This marks the surface boundary where warm moist air encounters warm dry air | dryline
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| An area of rotating clouds that extends beneath a supercell thunderstorm and from which a funnel cloud may appear | wallcloud
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| The main cause of horizontal wind shear associated with several major airline crashes | microbursts
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| This often results when intense thunderstorms stall or move very slownly | flash floods
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| The brightest past of a lightning stroke | return stroke
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| An elongated ominous looking cloud that forms behind a gust front | roll cloud
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| A root-like tube that forms when a lightning stroke fuses sand particles together | fulgurite
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| The formation of a tornado | tornadogenesis
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| Extremely strong damaging straight line wind associated with a squall line | derecho
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| A tornado like feature that forms over water | waterspout
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