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Chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A usually large thunderstorm with a single violent updraft that can maintain itself for many hours | supercell storm |
| The initial stage of an ordinary thunderstorm | cumulus |
| The Leading edge of a thunderstorm's downdraft | gust front |
| A relatively small downburst, less than 4km wide | microburst |
| Thunderstorm with a cluster of cells at various stages of their lifecycle | multicell thunderstorm |
| This often looks like a luminous sphere that appears to float in the air of dart for several seconds | ball lightning |
| An ordinary air mass thunderstorm is most intense during this stage | mature |
| This is caused by an aircraft flying faster than the speed of sound | sonic boom |
| Individual thunderstorms that organize into a large, circular, long lasting convective weather system | Mesoscale Convective Complex |
| The rising spinning column of air inside a supercell thunderstorm | mesocyclone |
| Cloud that often forms along the leading edge of a gust front | shelf cloud |
| Downdrafts throughout an ordinary cell thunderstorm are most like to occur in this stage | dissipating |
| A second surge of electrons that proceeds from the base of a cloud toward t he ground | dart leader |
| Corona discharge and bluish halo that may appear above pointed objects | St. Elmo's fire |
| Rather weak, short-lived tornadoes that often form with building cumulus congestus cloud | landspout |
| When a tornado is spotted the National Weather Service issues a | tornado warning |
| A discharge of electricity from or within a cumulonimbus cloud is | lightning |
| The sound produced by rapidly expanding air along the channel of a lightning stroke is called | thunder |
| Scattered isolated summer thunderstorms that are not severe are called | ordinary air mass thunderstorms |
| In cloud to ground lightning the stepped leader travels____ and the return stroke travels ____ | downward, upward |
| A lightning stroke is seen and 5 seconds later thunder is heard. This means that the lightning stroke how many miles away? | 1 mile |
| When viewing a supercell thunderstrom from the southeast the most likely place for a tornado to develop is in what section of the thunderstorm? | southwest section |
| Ordinary air mass thunderstorm are most likely to form during what time of the day | afternoon |
| Lightning associated with thunderstorm that are too far away for the thunder to be heard is referred to as ____ lightning | heat lightning |
| When it appears that tornadoes are likely to form in a particular area the national weather service issues a ___________ | tornado watch |
| On the Enhanced Fujita Scale the strongest most powerful tornado is classified as EF ____ | EF5 |
| A funnel cloud is composed mainly of | cloud droplets |
| When caught in a in a thunderstorm in an open field, the best thing to do is to | crouch down as low as possible |
| When lightning illuminates the cloud in which it occurs but its flash can not be seen the lightning is called | sheet lightning |
| In a region where supercell thunderstorms with tornadoes are forming youwould not expect to observe | a strong ridge of high pressure |
| The majority of tornadoes tend to move form | southwest to northwest |
| The downdraft in an ordinary cell thunderstorm is created mainly by | evaporating raindrops that make the air cold and heavy |
| Tornadoes most frequently form in the | afternoon |
| Damage is usually most severe during a tornado's | mature stage |
| You would most likely expect to see Saint Elmo's fire | at the top of a tall dead tree |
| The funnel cloud characteristic of a tornado is primarily formed by | condensation of a water vapor that is drawn into the low pressure core of the tornado |
| In the United States the greatest annual frequency of hail occurs in | the Central Plains |
| In the United States the greatest annual number of thunderstorms occurs in | Florida |
| The Tornado Belt or Tornado Alley of the United States is located | in the Central Plains |
| For a thunderstorm to spawn a tornado the updraft in the cloud must | rotate |
| The majority of waterspouts | have rotating winds of less than 45 knots |
| Which below would be the largest in actual size | mesoscale convective complex |
| The so called lightning capital of the United States is found in | Florida |
| CAPE is a measure of | how much energy is available to produce updrafts in a thunderstorm |
| In a supercell thunderstorm hail may actually fall from the base of the anvil | T |
| All tornadoes make a distinctive roar | F |
| Lightning may occur from one cloud to another | T |
| One should not open windows as a tornado approaches | T |
| A typical diameter of a tornado would be about one mile | F |
| In the United States tornadoes are most frequent during the summer and least frequent during the fall | F |
| HP Supercells often produce flash flooding and large hail | T |
| On a Doppler radar screen a tornado vortex signature | T |
| Different tornadoes spawned by the same thunderstorm are said to occur in families | T |
| All tornadoes rotate counterclockwise | F |
| The air behind the leading edge of a gust front is normally warmer than the air ahead of it | F |
| Thunder only happens when its raining | F |
| All thunderstorms require rising air | T |
| Only Canada experiences more tornadoes than the United States | F |
| The winds in a typical tornado are usually less than 100 knots | T |
| Thunderstorm training can be responsible for flash flooding | T |
| Waterspouts may form with cumulus congestus clouds | T |
| The top part of a thunderstorm usually has a positive charge | T |
| A possible reason hailstones become negatively charged and ice crystals positively charged is that in a cloud there is a net transfer of positive ions from warmer objects to colder objects | T |
| The fair weather waterspout is normally smaller and less intense than the average tornado | T |
| Nighttime thunderstorms over the Central Plains of the United States appear to be related to a low level southerly jet stream | T |
| Lightning can momentarily heat the air to 3000C | T |
| Doppler radar in conjuction with algorithms help forecasters determine which thundertstorms are most likely to produce severe weather | T |
| Red sprites and blue jets are associated with thunderstorms | T |
| Gustnadoes and landspouts are examples of nonsupercell tornadoes | T |
| On a radar screen one would most likely see a bow echo with a squall line | T |
| A heat burst forms from the intense heat generated by a lightning flash | F |
| A large gust front could be called an outflow boundary | T |
| Most rain wrapped tornadoes are easily identified by observers | F |
| Ball lightning is a very common form of lightning | F |
| A mesoscale convection vortex is often associated with severe weather | T |
| A tornado cloud whose circulation has not reached the ground | funnel cloud |
| Measures speed at which precipitation is moving horizontally toward or away from you | Doppler Radar |
| Rapidly rotating small whirls that sometimes occur within a large tornado | suction vortices |
| A small area of high pressure created by the cold, heavy air of a thunderstorm's downsdraft | mesohigh |
| A line of thunderstorms that form along or out ahead of an advancing cold front | squall line |
| Classifies tornadoes according to damage incurred by the tornado's winds | derecho |
| Tornadoes that form along a gust front | gustnadoes |
| This marks the surface boundary where warm moist air encounters warm dry air | dryline |
| An area of rotating clouds that extends beneath a supercell thunderstorm and from which a funnel cloud may appear | wallcloud |
| The main cause of horizontal wind shear associated with several major airline crashes | microbursts |
| This often results when intense thunderstorms stall or move very slownly | flash floods |
| The brightest past of a lightning stroke | return stroke |
| An elongated ominous looking cloud that forms behind a gust front | roll cloud |
| A root-like tube that forms when a lightning stroke fuses sand particles together | fulgurite |
| The formation of a tornado | tornadogenesis |
| Extremely strong damaging straight line wind associated with a squall line | derecho |
| A tornado like feature that forms over water | waterspout |
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