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Although only fragments remain, some of our best information about early Indian history comes from the Indika, written by

Megasthenes

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Megasthenes was

the author of the Indika

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During the time of the Aryans, the Indian political landscape was characterized by

a series of small kingdoms

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The Indian political scene changed dramatically in 520 B.C.E. when new administrative techniques were introduced after the invasion of the

Persians

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In 327 B.C.E., India was thrown into political chaos by the invasion of

Alexander of Macedon.

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Alexander of Macedon’s invasion of which country in 327 B.C.E. caused political chaos that eventually led to the country’s unification?

India

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The kingdom that played a leading role in Indian unification, after the withdrawal of Alexander of Macedon, was

Magadha

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The first ruler to unify India was

Chandragupta Maurya.

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Kautalya was

the main advisor to Chandragupta Maurya

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The harsh political philosophy of Chandragupta Maurya and Kautalya is recorded in the

Arthashastra

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The Arthashastra reflected the political philosophy of

Chandragupta Maurya

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The Mauryan emperor Ashoka fought his bloodiest battle against

Kalinga

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The capital of Ashoka’s empire was

Pataliputra

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The high point of Mauryan success came during the reign of

Ashoka

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The rock and pillar edicts were issued by

Ashoka

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One of the biggest financial problems of the later Mauryan period was the ruler’s decision to

debase the currency

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After the collapse of the Mauryan empire, India

returned to a series of regional kingdoms.

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After the collapse of the Mauryan dynasty, northwest India was controlled by the Bactrians, who spoke

Greek

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The Kushans in India reached their peak under

Kanishka

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The year 320 C.E. saw the creation of the Gupta dynasty by

. Chandra Gupta.

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Politically, the Guptas

left local government and administration in the hands of their allies

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The eventual collapse of the Gupta state was partially caused by an invasion by the

White Huns

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The success and timing of trade, through the Indian Ocean basin, largely depended on

understanding the rhythms of the monsoon winds

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The two great Indian epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana

commonly portrayed women as weak-willed and emotional creatures

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One of the most pronounced examples of patriarchal dominance in ancient India was

the common practice of child marriage.

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One of the biggest transformations of the caste system during this period was

the rise of guilds, which essentially served as jati

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Essentially, much of the responsibility for maintaining social order in India during these years fell to

the jati

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Ancient Indian religion revolved around ritual sacrifices offered by whom?

brahmins

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The Charvaka sect believed

that the gods were figments of the imagination

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The beliefs of the Charvakas

reflected the increasingly materialistic character of Indian society

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Vardhamana Mahavira

was a great Jainist teacher

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The founder of Jainism was

Vardhamana Mahavira.

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The religious group that carefully swept the ground before them as they walked to avoid harming any invisible insects was the

Jains

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The Jains adhered to the principle of nonviolence to other living things or their souls, which is expressed in the word

ahimsa

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Ahimsa refers to

the Jain principle of nonviolence

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The greatest social contribution of the Jains was

the fact that they did not recognize social hierarchies based on caste.

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The Buddha believed that salvation came from

leading a balanced and moderate life.

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The fundamental doctrine of Buddhism was known as the

Four Noble Truths

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Theravada Buddhism is also known as

Hinayana Buddhism

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The bodhisattva is associated with what religion?

Buddhism

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The Indian work that deals with a dialogue between the warrior, Arjuna, and his charioteer, Krishna, is the

Bhagavad Gita.

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When Krishna tells Arjuna, in the Bhagavad Gita, “Having regard to your own duty, you ought not to falter, for there is nothing better for a kshatriya than a righteous battle,” he is referring to what Hindu principle?

dharma

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The line, “As a man, casting off old clothes, puts on others and new ones, so the embodied self, casting off old bodies, goes to others and new ones,” comes from the

Bhagavad Gita

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Created by: rianko