CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL SYSTEMS Fluid and Electrolytes,
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| About ____ of adult body is fluid (TBW) | 60%
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| What fluid types make up 60% of an adults body fluid? | Intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and plasma volume
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| What are the Fluid location terminology by reference point for cells, blood vessels, and tissues | Cells: ICF, ECF
Blood vessels: intravascular
Tissues: Interstitial
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| Dehydration leads to disturbance in balance between amount of ___in ____compartment & ____ compartment | fluid;extracellular and intracellular
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| What are the three types of dehydration? | Hypertonic
Hypotonic:
Isotonic:
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| Hypertonic definiton is…. | fluid moves out of cells, dehydrating the cells (eg., fever with perspiration)
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| Hypotonic definition is... | fluid moves into cells (loss of salt > loss of water)
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| Isotonic definition | decrease in volume of ECF (loss of Na & water from body, eg., diarrhea & vomiting)
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| Crystalloids are fluids given by ____injection | I.V.
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| Crystalloids supply____ & _____to maintain the osmotic gradient between the extravascular and intravascular compartments | water and sodium
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| What are four types of crystalloids? | Normal Saline
Lactated Ringer’s
D5W
Plasma-Lyte
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| Normal Saline Lactated Ringer’s D5W Plasma-Lyte | May be:
Isotonic (0.9% normal saline)
Hypotonic (0.45% NS)
Hypertonic (10% D5W)
Electrolytes (LR, PL)
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| An isotonic solution is one in which normal body cells can be placed without causing either ____ or ____ of cells | shrinkage or swelling
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| A ____solution will cause cells to shrink | hypertonic
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| Colloids are large protein particles that ______out of the blood vessels | cannot leak
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| Higher concentration of colloid solutes inside blood vessels than outside the blood vessels; fluid moves ____this hypertonic area in an attempt to make it ____ | toward ; isotonic
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| Administer ___ by _____ slowly & cautiously to prevent fluid overload and heart failure | colloids; I.V.,
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| ____ is administered at room temperature | Albumin
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| ____ products are the only class of fluids capable of carrying oxygen | Blood
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| Blood products are given ONLY with _____ 0.9% | Normal Saline 0.9%
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| ___ will cause ______ in transfusions | D5W; hemolysis of RBCs
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| _____ products are always checked by _____ nurses before administering | Blood; two
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| Electrolytes; Potassium (K+):____ to ____ mEq/L | 3.5 to 5.0
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| ____ is Essential for maintenance of acid-base balance, isotonicity, & the electrodynamic characteristics of the cell | Potassium (K+)
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| Fruit and juices, fish, vegetables, poultry, meats, and dairy products will provide | Potassium (K+)
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| What is Hypokalemia? | lethargy, mental confusion, muscle weakness, nausea (Tx: Potassium Supplements)
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| What is Hyperkalemia? | red flushed skin, dry mucus membranes, thirst, decreased urination, cardiac rhythm irregularities (Tx: Kayexalate)
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| NEVER give undiluted ____ – because it can result in ventricular fibrillation & cardiac arrest | potassium chloride
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| NEVER give potassium ____ or ____ | IV push; IV bolus
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| What is the usual dose of potassium? | Usual dose is 40 mEq K+/1000 mL fluid at a rate not to exceed 20 mEq/hour
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| What is the amount for Sodium ( Na+) | Sodium (Na+): 135-145 mEq/L
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| _____ Performs many physiologic roles necessary for the normal function of the body, principally involved in control of water distribution, fluid & electrolyte balance, & osmotic pressure of body fluids | Sodium (Na+): 135-145 mEq/L
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| Salt, fish, meats, and other foods flavored, seasoned, or preserved with sal provide _____. | Sodium (Na+)
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| What are signs of Hyponatremia:? | lethargy, hypotension, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea & seizures
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| What are signs of Hypernatremia? | edema, thirst, tachycardia, weakness, convulsions, coma
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