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Pharmacology
CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL SYSTEMS Fluid and Electrolytes,
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| About ____ of adult body is fluid (TBW) | 60% |
| What fluid types make up 60% of an adults body fluid? | Intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and plasma volume |
| What are the Fluid location terminology by reference point for cells, blood vessels, and tissues | Cells: ICF, ECF Blood vessels: intravascular Tissues: Interstitial |
| Dehydration leads to disturbance in balance between amount of ___in ____compartment & ____ compartment | fluid;extracellular and intracellular |
| What are the three types of dehydration? | Hypertonic Hypotonic: Isotonic: |
| Hypertonic definiton is…. | fluid moves out of cells, dehydrating the cells (eg., fever with perspiration) |
| Hypotonic definition is... | fluid moves into cells (loss of salt > loss of water) |
| Isotonic definition | decrease in volume of ECF (loss of Na & water from body, eg., diarrhea & vomiting) |
| Crystalloids are fluids given by ____injection | I.V. |
| Crystalloids supply____ & _____to maintain the osmotic gradient between the extravascular and intravascular compartments | water and sodium |
| What are four types of crystalloids? | Normal Saline Lactated Ringer’s D5W Plasma-Lyte |
| Normal Saline Lactated Ringer’s D5W Plasma-Lyte | May be: Isotonic (0.9% normal saline) Hypotonic (0.45% NS) Hypertonic (10% D5W) Electrolytes (LR, PL) |
| An isotonic solution is one in which normal body cells can be placed without causing either ____ or ____ of cells | shrinkage or swelling |
| A ____solution will cause cells to shrink | hypertonic |
| Colloids are large protein particles that ______out of the blood vessels | cannot leak |
| Higher concentration of colloid solutes inside blood vessels than outside the blood vessels; fluid moves ____this hypertonic area in an attempt to make it ____ | toward ; isotonic |
| Administer ___ by _____ slowly & cautiously to prevent fluid overload and heart failure | colloids; I.V., |
| ____ is administered at room temperature | Albumin |
| ____ products are the only class of fluids capable of carrying oxygen | Blood |
| Blood products are given ONLY with _____ 0.9% | Normal Saline 0.9% |
| ___ will cause ______ in transfusions | D5W; hemolysis of RBCs |
| _____ products are always checked by _____ nurses before administering | Blood; two |
| Electrolytes; Potassium (K+):____ to ____ mEq/L | 3.5 to 5.0 |
| ____ is Essential for maintenance of acid-base balance, isotonicity, & the electrodynamic characteristics of the cell | Potassium (K+) |
| Fruit and juices, fish, vegetables, poultry, meats, and dairy products will provide | Potassium (K+) |
| What is Hypokalemia? | lethargy, mental confusion, muscle weakness, nausea (Tx: Potassium Supplements) |
| What is Hyperkalemia? | red flushed skin, dry mucus membranes, thirst, decreased urination, cardiac rhythm irregularities (Tx: Kayexalate) |
| NEVER give undiluted ____ – because it can result in ventricular fibrillation & cardiac arrest | potassium chloride |
| NEVER give potassium ____ or ____ | IV push; IV bolus |
| What is the usual dose of potassium? | Usual dose is 40 mEq K+/1000 mL fluid at a rate not to exceed 20 mEq/hour |
| What is the amount for Sodium ( Na+) | Sodium (Na+): 135-145 mEq/L |
| _____ Performs many physiologic roles necessary for the normal function of the body, principally involved in control of water distribution, fluid & electrolyte balance, & osmotic pressure of body fluids | Sodium (Na+): 135-145 mEq/L |
| Salt, fish, meats, and other foods flavored, seasoned, or preserved with sal provide _____. | Sodium (Na+) |
| What are signs of Hyponatremia:? | lethargy, hypotension, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea & seizures |
| What are signs of Hypernatremia? | edema, thirst, tachycardia, weakness, convulsions, coma |
Created by:
jwhite223
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