NUR 111 test 1 Review
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| ICN International Council of Nurses | Promotion of health, prevention of illness, collaborative care.
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| ANA American Nurses Associations | Values and social responsibility
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| Aims of nursing | Promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping in illness or death
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| Nurse Practice Acts | Define legal scope. Exclude untrained/unlicensed persons. Created state BON, Make rules/regs. Def important terms/activities in nuring. Provide legal RN/LPN titles. Establish criteria/education for nurses
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| Generational groups | Veteran - born 1925-1944.
Baby boomer - born 1945-1960.
Generation X - born 1961-1980.
Millenial - born 1981-2000.
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| Remission | A disease that is present, but the person does not experience symptoms.
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| The human dimensions | Physical.
Emotional.
Intellectual.
Environmental.
Sociocultural.
Spiritual.
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| Negative nitrogen balance | Breakdown of protein, more than what is produced. aka - muscle wasting.
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| Tonus | State of slight contraction
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| Isokinetic, isometric, isotonic exercise definitions | Isokinetic - muscle contraction with resistance.Isometric - Muscle contraction without shortening. Isotonic - muscle conraction and shortening
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| Isokinetic, isometric, isotonic exercise examples | Isokinetic - used for conditioning. Wt lifting.
Isometric - "locking" a joint in place. Uses for strenth/endurance. Cast.
Isotonic - running, swimming. Active ROM. ADL's.
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| Ankylosis | Consolidation and immobilization of a joint
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| Exogenous / Endogenous | Organism acquired from other people (infectious agent). Infection from organism coming from microbes harbored in the person (normal flora
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| Iatrogenic | Caused by health care treatment or procedure.
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| Nosocomial | Infection aquired in health care setting.
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| Stomatitis | Inflammation of oral mucosa
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| Glossitis | Inflammation of tongue
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| Chelosis | Ulceration of corners of the lip
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| Caries | Cavities
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| Gingivitis | Inflammation of the gingiva (gums)
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| Periodontitis | Inflammation of the gums that involves degeneration of the dental periosteum
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| Halatosis | Bad breath / bad taste
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| Alopecia | Hair loss
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| Pediculosis | Infestation of lice
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| Cerumen | Ear wax
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| BMI | kg/m2
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| BMR Basal metabolic requirement | 1 cal/kg/hr. So, a 70kg person would need 70 x 24 cal per day (1800 Cal)
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| Health promotion / illness prevention. Primary, secondary, tertiary. | Primary - promotion of health, prevention of disease.
Secondary - screening for early detection.
Tertiary - begins after illness diagnosed. Reduces disability and helps rehabilitate to max function.
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| MHR Maximum heart rate formula. THR Target heart rate formula. | 220-age=MHR.
MHR*0.75=THR.
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| Exercise recommendation - 150 minutes moderate | 2.5h or 150m of moderate intensity aerobic activity every week and muscle strengthening activities on 2 or more days per week that work all major muscle groups.
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| Exercise recommendation - 75 minutes vigorous | 1h 15m or 75m of vigorous intensity aerobic activity every week and muscle strengthening activities on 2 or more days per week that work all major muscle groups.
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| Exercise recommendation - mix mod/vigorous | An equivalent mix of mod and vigorous intensity aerobic activity and muscle strengthening activities on 2 or more days per week that work all major muscle groups.
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| Macronutrient recommendations for water | Minimum 1.5 L/day. Recommended 3 L/day (men slightly more than women)
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| Macronutrient recommendations for protein / carbs / fats | Protein: 1/3 of daily calories. Carbs: 1/2 of daily calories. Fats: 1/4 of daily calories.
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| Complete vs incomplete proteins | Complete - animal proteins.
Incomplete - plant proteins.
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| Calories per gram: Fats, protein, carb | Protein: 4 cal/gram. Carbs: 4 cal/gram. Fats: 9 cal/gram.
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| Liver products include | Lipid carrier proteins (or NZ).
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| Lipid types (lipoproteins) | VLDL - very low density lipoproteins - carry triglycerides (TG) to tissues. LDL - low density lipoproteins - carry cholesterol. HDL - high densitity lipoproteins - carry XS cholesterol from the tissues. (LDL= "bad" and HDL="good" cholesterol)
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| Fat soluble vitamins | ADEK= DEAK
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| Water soluble vitamins | C. B complex.
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| Macrominerals (major minerals) | Na K Cl Ca Mg PO3 S
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| Microminerals (trace elements) | Fe I Zn Cu Mn Cr Co Se Mo Fl
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| Vegetarian | Focus on plants on food. May consume fish, dairy, and eggs.
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| Vegan | Type of vegetarian that does not use dairy, fish, eggs, leather, etc. No animal products of any kind.
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| Lacto vegetarian | Vegetarian that uses dairy products.
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| Lacto-ovo vegetarian | Vegetarian that uses dairy and eggs.
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| Americanization | Quick, easy, fat-causing fast food.
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| African american | "soul food". use lard, deep fried. Prefer packaged meat and pork. Low intake of fruits and vegetables. Increased d.m. htn.
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| Asian american | Fruits and vegetables - peeled and raw. Stir fry. Bite sized meat. Increased bread and cereal. Increased sodas. Health risks: hi sodium intake and increased CA since living in US.
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| Latino american | Drive slow. Love tacos. Fry/stew in lard or oil. Meats ground and mixed with vegetables and stuffed. Risks: d.m.
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| S&S of inadequate nutrition | Hair: dull, dry, brittle. Skin: dry patches. Wounds: poor healing, sores. No SC fat. Muscle wasting. Severe malnutrition: hypoalbuminema and ascites.
VS: abnormal cardivascular measurements.
General: weakness and/or impaired condition.
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| Fluid I/O | Ave output 2.5L/day or 100mL/h. Minimum 30mL/h.
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| Albumin normal lab value. Prealbumin normal lab value. | Albumin = 3.5-5.5 (similar to K)
Prealbumin = 23-43.
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| Diet - Clear |
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| Diet - Full liquid | Substances that are liquid at body temp.
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| Diet - mechanical soft | For client with difficulty chewing or swallowing. Ex: OJ, cream of wheat, scrambled eggs.
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| Diet - soft | Modification of regular diet for patient who has difficulty chewing or has no teeth. Ex: dinner roll, cream of wheat, beans, soft cookie.
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| Diet - high fiber | High fiber foods from plant sources.
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| Diet - low sodium | Ave Na is 4g/day. This diet is <2g/day.
Used for cirrhosis, htn, renal dz. Everything is unsalted. Excluded: bacon, BBQ, ketchup, corned beef, packaged meat, olives, soy sauce, etc
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| Diet - low cholesterol | No animal products. PURE plant products contain no cholesterl. Avoid fats that are solid at room temperature - these are basically saturated fast - palm and coconut.
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| Diet - d.m. | Low carb. Diabetics have difficulty neutralizing carbs. Low carbohydrate - consistent low carb diet for all 3 meals. Apple sauce, creamed soup, gelatin, custard. Avoidance of grains.
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| Diet - dysphagic | For client who has difficulty swallowing due to head & neck CA. Stoke, surgery, etc. Example: sloppy Joe with no bun, hot cereal, canned fruit.
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| Diet - regular | Normal diet
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| Diet - pureed | For pt with problems chewing/swallowing. Pureed vegetables/meats, pudding, etc.
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| Sleep - stages | NREM - 75%
Stage I - very light.
Stage II - light sleep with slowed body processes.
Stage III/IV - deep sleep - difficult to arouse - snoring most likely. REM sleep - 25% - occurs every 90m and lasts for 5-30m - brain is highly active and dreaming.
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| Sleep needed by age | Newborn - 16-18h.
Infant 14-15.
Toddler 12-14.
Preschool 11-13.
School age 10-11.
Adolescent 9-12.
Adult 7-9.
Mnemonic "16-8 in 7 steps"
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