test 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Stereotype threat | A self confirming concern that one will reevaluated based on a negative stereotype.
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| Thinking (cognition) | Refers to a process that involves knowing, understanding, remembering, and communication.
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| Concepts | Mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
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| Algorithms | Time consuming, exhaust all possibilities before reaching solution, computers use this.
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| Heuristics | Makes it easier for us to find solutions; uses short cuts
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| Fixation | Failing to look at problem from fresh, new perspective; using prior strategy.
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| Insight | Involves sudden realization of a solution to a problem; humans and animals have it.
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| Confirmation bias | Tendency to search for and use info that supports ideas rather than refutes them.
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| The belief perseverance phenomenon | The tendency to cling to our beliefs in the face of contrary evidence.
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| Overconfidence | A tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.
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| Intelligence | A combination of general abilities and practiced skills.
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| Charles Spearman | Developed the psychometric Approach to intelligence; also founder of general existence "g"
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| Howard Gardener | 7 intelligences
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| Functional Fixedness | Failure to solve problem due to fixedness on usual function of something
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| Representativeness Heuristic | If you meet a slim, short, man who wears glasses and likes poetry, what do you think his profession would be?
An Ivy league professor or a truck driver?
Tendency to make judgments about group membership based on match to group stereotype
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| Robert Sternberg | proposed the Triarchic Theory of intelligence: Analytical, Creative, and Practical
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| Alfred Binet | psychologist, worked for the French government at the turn of the 20th century, developed the first IQ test to help schools identify children with serious intellectual deficiencies.
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| David Wechsler | developed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and later the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), an intelligence test for school-aged children.
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| three-stage model of memory includes | Sensory, long-term, and short-term Memory
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| Hermann Ebbinghaus | studied rehearsal by using nonsense syllables: TUV YOF GEK XOZ
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| Declarative Memory | This memory stores specific factual info, such as names, dates, faces, ideas
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| Episodic Memory | This stores autobiographical info such as thoughts, feelings, things that happen to us
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| Semantic Memory | This is more like a mental dictionary or encyclopedia – it stores basic meanings of words, concepts.
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| Implicit Memory | This is your ability to remember info you have not deliberately tried to learn
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| Explicit Memory | This is a memory that you are aware of having. This is your ability to retain info that you’ve put real effort into learning
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| Chunking | This is grouping or packing info into a unit. It makes large amounts of info more manageable.
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| mental operations required for memory | Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
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| Flashbulb Memory | Long lasting and deep memories in response to traumatic events
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| Mnemonic Device | device is any memory aid that is based on encoding each item in a special way.
(PEMDAS)
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| Recall (or free recall) | It is a memory task in which the individual must reproduce material from memory without cue .
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| Retrieval Cues | . Reminders or hints that help us to retrieve information from long-term memory
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| Recognition | . It is a memory task in which the individual indicates whether presented information has been experienced previously.
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| Hippocampus | a neural center in the limbic
system that processes explicit memories.
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| Retrograde amnesia | Difficulty retrieving old memories
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| Anterograde amnesia | Difficulty learning new information
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| Forgetting | An inability to retrieve information due to poor encoding, storage, or retrieval.
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| Metacognition | refers to thinking about thinking
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| Consciousness | Our awareness of external events and internal sensations under arousal.
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| Inattentional Blindness | failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere (video on basketball group)
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| Change Blindness | failing to even notice changes in the environment (video with british illusionist)
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| HIGHER LEVEL CONSCIOUSNESS | The most alert state of consciousness, where you actively focus your efforts towards a goal
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| LOWER LEVEL CONSCIOUSNESS | This is automatic processes which is consciousness that requires little attention and does not interfere with other activities.
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| Unconscious Thought | This is Sigmund Freud’s theory. It is a unacceptable wishes, feelings, thoughts that are beyond conscious awareness.
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| Circadian rhythms | cycles of activity and inactivity generally lasting about one day (jet lag)
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| REM Sleep | rapid eye movement sleep. It is a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams occur
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| Alpha Waves | the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state. You grow tired and slip into sleep.
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| Franz Anton Mesmer. | an Austrian philosopher and physician who first practiced by Hypnosis
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| Posthypnotic suggestion | : a suggestion, made during hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized
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| William James | Psychology Pioneer who used the term Stream of Consciousness to describe the mind as a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, feelings.
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| Sensation | Process of receiving stimulus energies from external environment
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| Perception | Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
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| Stimuli | energies in the environment that affect what we do
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| Receptors | the specialized cells in our bodies that convert environmental energies into signals for the nervous system.
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| Visual constancy | is our tendency to perceive objects as keeping their size, shape, and color even though the image that strikes our retina changes from moment to moment.
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| Perceiving Constancy | Recognition that objects are constant even though sensory input is changing
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| Gestalt Psychology | focuses on the human ability to perceive overall patterns. The word Gestalt means “an organized whole.”
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| Olfaction | another term for the sense of smell.
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| Conduction deafness | results when the three special bones in the ear fail to transmit sound waves properly to the cochlea.
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| Nerve deafness | results from damage to the structures that receive and transmit the impulses - the cochlea, hair cells, or auditory nerve.
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| Middle Ear | Chamber between eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window
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| Frequency | is measured by the number of vibrations or cycles of the sound wave per second, referred to as hertz (Hz.) The perception of frequency is referred to as pitch.
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| Amplitude | is intensity of sound waves and is perceived as loudness.
Pitch and loudness are psychological experiences, and the perception of these qualities does not solely depend on frequency and amplitude.
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| Sound | Vibrations in air processed by auditory system
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| Presbyopia | develops as humans age because the lens decreases in flexibility, resulting in a reduced ability to focus on nearby objects.
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| Elongated eyeballscause | myopia, so that the person can focus well on nearby objects, but not distant ones. This condition is also called nearsightedness.
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| Flattened eyeballs | cause hyperopia, so that the person can focus well on distant objects, but not on nearby ones. This is also called farsightedness.
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| Glaucoma | is a condition caused by increased pressure within the eyeball, causing damage to the optic nerve and loss of peripheral vision.
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| cataract | is a disorder in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy. This disorder is treated by removing and replacing the actual lens with a contact lens.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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