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Chapter 15

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show Skin, mucous membranes, lacrimal apparatus, normal microbiota, antimicrobial peptides  
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Second line of host defense   show
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show skin mucous membranes  
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show Physical barrier to pathogens (has chemicals that defend against pathogens) *Perspiration secreted by sweat glands *Sebum secreted by sebaceous (oil) glands  
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show Salt Antimicrobial peptides – sweat glands Lysozyme  
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Sebum   show
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Where can mucous membranes be found?   show
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mucous   show
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show is had by cilia in respiratory tract, holds mucous. When clearing throat the mucous is either swallowed or coughed out. When coughed out the bacteria is expelled from the body;when swallowed it is killed off by the acidity of the stomach  
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Lacrimal apparatus   show
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show *helps protect the body by competing with potential pathogens *Helps stimulate the body’s second line of defense (antimicrobial peptide found in neutrophil (WBC))  
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Examples of normal microbiota   show
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The Body’s Second Line of Defense   show
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Defense Components of Blood   show
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show non-specific host defense that uses chemotaxis to move towards infection *Cells capable of phagocytosis are called phagocytes  
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Nonspecific Chemical Defenses Against Pathogens   show
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Complement   show
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show Protein molecules released by host cells to nonspecifically inhibit the spread of viral infections  
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Inflammation   show
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show constantly circulates in the blood stream, phagocytic, when inflammation occurs we get loosening up of venules and monocyte leaving blood cycle goes into tissue (diapedesis)  
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Fever   show
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show trigger the hypothalamus types: bacterial toxins (LPS, diptheria) cytoplasmic contents of bacteria released by lysis antibody-antigen cmplexes  
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show vaccinations  
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Physical barriers?   show
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show exchange of bodily fluid (AIDS virus, TB)  
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Ingestion of contaminated food/water – e.g.?   show
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show Anthrax, Influenza, TB  
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show mosquitoes (biological)/malaria fly/salmonella  
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show Rheumatoid Arthritis, lupus, HIV  
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What problems can prevent the immune system from working properly?   show
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show stop the body from rejecting the (host graph rejection); more susceptible to viruses  
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Why is rapid detection of disease exposure important?   show
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show *Stands for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay *In our lab, we used this method to detect the presence of an antigen (foreign material)  
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Created by: izis