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Antiviral/Antifungal Drugs

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Question
Answer
Viruses   show
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Common viral infections   show
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show Used to prevent or delay spread of viral infection. Interfere with viral replication cell.  
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Nonclassified antivirals   show
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show Used to treat herpes simplex viruses. Ex. Denavir, Viroptic, Herpes Liquifilm  
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors   show
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Gamma globulin   show
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show Interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis. Effective for HSV1, HSV2, zoster, varicella, CMV. Ex. Ribavin (virazole), Acyclovir (zorvirax).  
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Side Effects of Antivirals   show
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Antiviral teaching   show
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show Consists of at least 3 drugs to treat HIV. Uses combination of different types of antiviral drugs. Has extended life expectancy and quality of life for HIV infected pt.  
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show decrease viral load, increase CD4 T cells, prevent resistance, prevent secondary infections and cancer  
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Nursing Responses   show
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show Also called antimycotic drugs. Used for fungal infections.  
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Fungi   show
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show Antibiotics useful for bacteria are not effective for fungal infections***  
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show Fungal infections of skin and mucous membrane (athlete's foot). Ex. Candida, trichophyton.  
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show Candida, aspergilliosis, pneumoncystis. May require intensive and prolonged therapy. Drugs of choice: Amphotericin B (Fungizone, AmBisome). Fluconazole (Diflucan).  
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Amphotericin B   show
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show Amphotericin B combined with lipid. Less SE. Very expensive, use if can't tolerate regular preparation.  
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Nystatin   show
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show Used as a prophylaxis for immunosuppressed (chemo pt) to prevent overgrowth of yeast  
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Azole type   show
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show Treatment for: Intestinal amebiasis, bacterial vaginosis, inflammatory bowel disease, anaerobic infections, prophylaxis in colorectal surgery; Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) peptic ulcer; prophylaxis in portal hypertension****  
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show Avoid during first trimester of pregnancy. Must be slow IV***. SE: GI discomfort, seizures, metallic taste, cardiovascular collapse if too fast IV. Antabuse type reaction (violent vomiting) if taken with ETOH****  
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show Adverse reactions: high doses and serum levels; nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity. Client teaching: check BUN, serum creatine; check for numbness and tingling of extremities  
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show Bacterial action- can cross blood brain barrier. Adverse reactions: renal dysfunction, blood dyscrasias, resp distress, allergic reactions (hives)  
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show Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal. Used for drug resistant S. aureus (MRSA)***. PCN allergy. Not absorbed from GI tract, so cannot be used to treat systemic infection or infection outside of GI tract*** Must be given IV  
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show Take orally b/c not absorbed from GI tract so treats local infection in intestine***  
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Vancomycin side effects   show
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Red man Syndrome   show
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show Synthetic analogs of the tetracyclines. Acts by blocking protein synthesis in bacterial cells. Bacteriostatic.  
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Glycyclyclines uses   show
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Tigercycline (Tygacil)   show
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show Urinary Atiseptic. For UTI. Effective against gram+ and -. SE: GI upset, rash, pruritis, rust/brown urine, superinfection.  
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show Acute cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis.  
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show Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Nitrofurantoin. Fluroquinolones (Cipro). Amoxicillin. Third generation cephalosporins.  
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show Used for chronic UTIs. Caution: not to be taken with sulfonamides. Client teaching: urine needs to be acid for bactericidal action (cranberries, plums, etc)***. Increase fluids to 1500-2000 ml/day  
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show Purpose: to control an overactive bladder-decrease detrusor muscle activity. Side Effects: Similar to anticholinergics***. Caution: avoid taking tolerodine if glaucoma, GI dysmotility***.  
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Urinary Analgesics   show
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show Urinary simulant. Cholinergic. Increase detrusor activity.  
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