Antiviral/Antifungal Drugs
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| Viruses | show 🗑
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| show | Herpes, influenza, cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis
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| Antiviral drug | show 🗑
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| Nonclassified antivirals | show 🗑
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| Topical Antivirals | show 🗑
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| show | Decrease release of virus from infected cells. Given to prevent viral invasion for example after a dirty needle stick, exposure to body fluids of high risk pt***.
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| show | provides passive immunity with antibodies to block penetration of virus into cell
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| Purine nucleosides | show 🗑
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| Side Effects of Antivirals | show 🗑
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| Antiviral teaching | show 🗑
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| HAART: Highly active antiretroviral therapy | show 🗑
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| show | decrease viral load, increase CD4 T cells, prevent resistance, prevent secondary infections and cancer
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| show | Promote adherence/compliance (many pills must be taken at same time, several times a day, cause nausea, etc). Encourage increased fluids up to 2400 ml/day. Monitor lab for CD 4 count. Refer for nutritional support.
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| show | Also called antimycotic drugs. Used for fungal infections.
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| show | Eukaryotes= similar in structure and metabolic function to human. Difference in steroid cell wall.
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| Are antibiotics useful for fungal infections? | show 🗑
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| Superficial fungal infections | show 🗑
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| Systemic Fungal infections | show 🗑
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| Amphotericin B | show 🗑
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| show | Amphotericin B combined with lipid. Less SE. Very expensive, use if can't tolerate regular preparation.
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| show | Oral, topical antifungal. Poorly absorbed from GI. Treats intestinal candida: Swish and swallow for oral candida to coat the oral membranes and esophagus.
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| Nystatin tx in immunosuppressed pts | show 🗑
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| Azole type | show 🗑
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| show | Treatment for: Intestinal amebiasis, bacterial vaginosis, inflammatory bowel disease, anaerobic infections, prophylaxis in colorectal surgery; Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) peptic ulcer; prophylaxis in portal hypertension****
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| show | Avoid during first trimester of pregnancy. Must be slow IV***. SE: GI discomfort, seizures, metallic taste, cardiovascular collapse if too fast IV. Antabuse type reaction (violent vomiting) if taken with ETOH****
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| Polymyxins; colistin and polymyxin B | show 🗑
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| Bacitracin | show 🗑
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| show | Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal. Used for drug resistant S. aureus (MRSA)***. PCN allergy. Not absorbed from GI tract, so cannot be used to treat systemic infection or infection outside of GI tract*** Must be given IV
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| Vancomycin for C. Difficile | show 🗑
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| show | Nephrotoxicity** Ototoxicity**. Monitor drug levels
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| show | Allergic reaction to Vancomycin but may be premedicated to decrease response***
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| Glycyclyclines | show 🗑
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| show | Complicated skin infections. Intra-abdominal infection.
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| show | Given IV. SE: similar to tetracycline, photosensitivity, decreased oral contraceptive effectiveness
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| Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) | show 🗑
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| Urinary Tract infections (UTIs) | show 🗑
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| Common drug groups used to treat UTIs | show 🗑
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| Methenamine Mandelate | show 🗑
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| Action of antimuscarinics tolterodine tartrate (Detrol) | show 🗑
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| Urinary Analgesics | show 🗑
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| Bethanechol | show 🗑
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