Chapter 9 Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Conquistador | name for the Spanish explorers who claimed land in the Americas for spain
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| cultural convergence | the contact and interaction of one culture with another
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| caudillo | a Latin american military dictator
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| pampas | a grassland region in Argentina and uruguay
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| cay | a small, low island or coral reef
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| coral | the rock-like skeletons of tiny sea animals
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| tropical storm | a storm with winds of at least 39 miles per hour
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| hurricane | a destructive tropical storm that forms over the Atlantic ocean, usually in late summer and early fall, with winds of at least 74 miles per hour
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| El Nino | a warm ocean current off south americas northwestern coast that influences global weather patterns
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| canopy | the uppermost layer of a forest where tree branches meet.
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| mestizo | a person of mixed European and Native American heritage
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| mulatto | a person of mixed African and European ancestry
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| Volcanoes | a break in earth's crust where magma and other material erupts from earth's interior
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| Rain forest | a type of thick evergreen forest found in areas of heavy rainfall
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| deserts | a geographic region with too little rainfall to support much plant life; also vegetation zone
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| isthmus | a narrow strip of land that links two larger landmasses
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| landmasses | a very large, unbroken area of land
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| Volcanic Islands | an island formed when an underwater volcano builds up enough lava and ash to rise above sea level
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| Plateaus | a raised area of land, such as a hill or mountain, with a flat top
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| basin | a bowl-shaped depression, or hallow, in earth's surface
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| climates | the pattern of weather over a long period of time
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| temperate | moderate or mild, without extremes of hot or cold
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| arid | dry or lacking rainfall; also a climate or climate zone that is hot and dry all year with very little rain
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| semiarid | dry, with little rainfall; also a climate or climate zone with hot, dry summers and cool, dry winters
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| tropical wet and dry | a climate or climate zone that is hot all year with rainy and dry seasons
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| ecosystem | a community of all the living things in an area and the environment in which they live
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| cloud forest | a type of high-altitude, tropical forest that is usually covered by clouds or mist
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| hurricanes | the name for a tropical cyclone that begins in the Atlantic ocean
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| broad leaf evergreen forest | a vegetation zone of mainly tall trees that remain green all year; also refers to the type of vegetation in this zone
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| Desert scrub | a vegetation zone of mainly small trees, bushes, and other plants adapted to a dry climates; also refers to the type of vegetation in this zone
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| tropical grasslands | vegetation or a vegetation zone of mainly grasses and scattered trees adapted to a tropical wet and dry climate
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| vegetation zone | a large area of earth with a certain mix of plants and trees that are adapted to similar conditions
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| forest floor | a bottom layer, or ground, of a forest
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| temperate grasslands | vegetation or a vegetation zone of mainly grasses and scattered trees adapted to a tropical wet and dry climate
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| empire | a group of territories, peoples, or nations ruled by a single authority
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| dictator | a leader who governs by force, without the consent of the people
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| urban | found or live in a city
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| natural resources | a useful material that is found in nature, such as water, wood, coal, or oil
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| economic activities | any action that relates to the marking,buying, and selling of goods and services
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| livestock raising | raising animals for food, milk, wool, or other products
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| subsistence farming | farming carried out mainly to provide food for farm families, with little surplus for sale to others
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| barter | conducting trade by exchanging goods or services instead of money
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| hydro electric power | electricity that is generated from the power of moving water
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| commercial farming | raising crops for sale, often with the use of large ships
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| plantations | a large farm, especially in a hot area
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| forestry | the planting, growing, and harvesting of trees
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| tourism | travel for pleasure rather than business or necessity; also, the business of organizing such travel
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