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Chapter 8 - Motivation and Emotion

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Word
Definition
androgen   Male sex hormones secreted by the testes  
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anorexia nervosa   A severe eating disorder in which people may refuse to eat, while denying that their behavior and appearance—which can become skeletonlike—are unusual  
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arousal approaches to motivation   The belief that we try to maintain a certain level of stimulation and activity, increasing or reducing them as necessary  
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arousal approaches to motivation   The belief that we try to maintain a certain level of stimulation and activity, increasing or reducing them as necessary  
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bisexuals   Persons who are sexually attracted to people of the same and the opposite sex  
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bulimia   A disorder in which a person binges on incredibly large quantities of food  
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Cannon-Bard theory of emotion   The belief that both physiological and emotional arousal are produced simultaneously by the same nerve stimulus  
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cognitive approaches of motivation   The theory suggesting that motivation is a product of people's  
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double standard   The view that premarital sex is permissible for males but not for females  
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drive-reduction approaches to motivation   A theory suggesting that when people lack some basic biological requirement such as water, a drive to obtain that requirement (in this case, the thirst drive) is produced  
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drive   Motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior in order to fulfill some need  
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emotions   Feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence behavior  
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estrogens   Class of female sex hormones  
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extramarital sex   Sexual activity between a married person and someone who is not his or her spouse  
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heterosexuality   Sexual attraction and behavior directed to the opposite sex  
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homeostasis   The body's tendency to maintain a steady internal state  
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homosexuals   Persons who are sexually attracted to members of their own sex  
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incentive approaches to motivation   The theory suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals, or incentives  
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James-Lange theory of emotion   The belief that emotional experience is a reaction to bodily events occurring as a result of an external situation ("I feel sad because I am crying")  
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masturbation   Sexual self-stimulation  
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metabolism   The rate at which food is converted to energy and expended by the body  
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motivation   The factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms  
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need for affiliation   An interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people  
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need for power   A tendency to seek impact, control, or influence over others, andto be seen as a powerful individual  
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obesity   The state of being more than 20percent above the average weight for a person of a given height  
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ovulation   The point at which an egg is released from the ovaries  
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progesterone   Female sex hormone  
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Schachter-Singer theory of emotion   The belief that emotions are determined jointly by a nonspecific kind of physiological arousal and its interpretation, based on environmental cues  
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self-actualization   A state of self- fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential in their own unique way  
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weight set point   The particular level of weight that the body strives to maintain  
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need for achievement   A stable, learned characteristic in which satisfaction is obtained by striving for and attaining a level of excellence  
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instincts   Inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned  
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