Chapter 6 and 7
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| biome | large region-characterized by a specific climate and certain types of plants and animals
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| terrestrial biomes | major land biomes
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| climate | determines the plant life found in a biome
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| temperature and precipitation | two most important factors that determine a region's climate
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| latitude and elevation | determines average temperature
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| tropical rain forest | : Found near equator, large diversity of living organisms, large amount of rainfall, mild-hot temperatures, poor soil, habitat destruction
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| Temperate Deciduous Forest | Found 30-50 degrees latitude, large amounts of rainfall, moderate temperatures, four distinct seasons
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| Taiga | northern coniferous forest, long winters and short summers, found just below arctic circle, large amounts of precipitation,
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| Savanna | Found in tropical and subtropical areas near equator, little precipitation, grasses/low shrubs and trees, wet and dry seasons, plants adapted to resist fire and drought
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| Grasslands | dominated by grasses, hot summers and cold winters, moderate temperatures and rainfall, fertile soil, cleared for farming, found inland
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| Chaparral | dominated by broad-leaf evergreen shrubs that are resistant to fire, found 30 degrees latitude and along the coast, moderate temperatures and little rain, human development
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| Deserts | extreme temperatures and very little rain, plants adapted for drought-succulents like the cactus
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| Tundra | dominated by grasses, lichens, and herbs; north of artic circle; beneath thin soil is permafrost, short summers, bogs and swamps; little precipitation which remains frozen, migratory animals; most fragile biome and oil extraction has threatened this biome
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| Salinity | The type of organisms found in an aquatic ecosystem is determined by __________
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| parts per thousand | What 0/00 stands for
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| 35 | The average salinity of the world's ocean
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| lakes, ponds, wetlands, groundwater | Four examples of fresh water ecosystems
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| wetland | A land area that is periodically underwater
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| temperature, sunlight, oxygen, and nutrients | Four factors that determine which organisms live in which areas of water
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| To get sunlight | Why do photosynthetic organisms live near the surface?
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| plankton | organisms that float near the surface
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| nekton | organisms that are free swimming
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| benthos | organisms that are bottom dwelling
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| phytoplankton | microscopic "plants"
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| zooplankton | microscopic "animals"
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| Store oil and increase their surface area | two ways that plankton stay near the water's surface
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| littoral | zone in a lake that is a nutrient rich area near the shore where life is diverse and abundant
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| benthic | zone that is at the bottom of the pond or lake and inhabited by decomposers
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| Eutrophication | an increase in the amount of nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem
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| Bacteria; oxygen | ________ breaking down the excess biomass use up the _________ in the water
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| eutrophic lake | lake or pond that has a larger amount of plant life due to nutrients
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| swamp | flat, poorly drained land with woody plants and water loving trees
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| marsh | occur on low, flat lands and have little to no water movement; nutrient rich
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| absorb pollutants that flow through them, control flooding, act as a nursery to fish and shellfish, trap carbon, buffer shoreline from erosion, recreational area | six environmental functions of a wetland
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| southeast | marshes are located mainly in the _________.
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| Florida Everglades | The largest freshwater marsh in the US
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| freshwater | water with little to nor salt
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| brackish | water with a mix of salt and fresh water
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| salt water | water with a high salinity
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| amphibians, reptiles and birds | swamps are good environments for _________
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| draining, filling, and clearing for farms or residential and commercial development | How humans are destroying wetlands
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| snowy melts in the mountains | where rivers originate
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| gravity | the driving force behind river currents
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| headwaters | currents that are cold, oxygenated, and move quickly
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| mainstream | currents that are broad, warm, slow, and have less oxygen
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| using water in manufacturing processes and as receptacles for waste; runoff | two major environmental dangers to rivers
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| estuary | area where freshwater from a river and salt water from an ocean mix
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| rivers and oceans | estuaries are productive ecosystems because they receive nutrients from both _______ and _______
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| Salt water | Which is more dense: salt or fresh water?
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| barrier island | long, thin island that runs parallel to the shore
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| to protect the mainland and coastal wetland | the main function of a barrier island
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| nursery for organisms and nutrient rich | two benefits of an estuary
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| used as trash dumps, filled in to provide building space, and polluted | three major dangers to estuaries
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| salt marshes are more temperate and predominately grass; mangrove forests are tropical and mainly covered with Mangrove trees | The main differences between salt marshes and mangrove forests
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| photic zone, up to 100 meters deep | where most of life is found in the world's oceans
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| coral polyps | organism that creates a coral reef
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| clear and warm salt water where there is enough light for photosynthesis; shallow, tropical waters | Where to find coal reefs
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| oil spills, sewage, pesticides, silt runoff, overfishing, ship anchors, and breaking off pieces | environmental dangers to coral reefs
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| bleaching | when corals expel symbiotic algae because of stress and they die
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| 100 ft. | how far light can penetrate into the ocean
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| marine snow | dead, organic matter that sinks to the bottom and serves as a food source to benthic organisms
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| pollution and overfishing | two major threats to the world's oceans
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| 1% | how much of the Earth's water is drinkable
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