Year 10 Geographical Terms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Aid | Money and resources that are given or lent to poor or developing nations by wealthier developed nations
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| Defence | The protection of a country’s borders, people and national interests and the promotion of peace and security
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| Migration | The permanent movement of people between nations. Trade
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| Multilateral aid | Financial assistance that is given by governments through international development banks or organisations
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| Sustainable development | Development that meets the needs of today’s population without compromising the ability of following generations to meet their needs
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| Technical Assistance | Experts in their fields who work in developing countries to educate and assist communities on the path towards development
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| Tied aid | Aid given for specific purposes like buildings and services, which may be provided by the donor country or by companies within the donor country
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| Treaty | An agreement between countries that is bound by international law
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| Untied aid | Aid that the government of the receiving country can spend on goods and services from any country or organisation as they see fit
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| Humanitarian | Concern for human welfare and development
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| G8 | The Group of eight countries of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom and United States that represent about 65% of the world’s economy (the leaders of these countries hold a G8 summit or meeting every year
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| Gross National Income (GNI) | Calculated as the total value of goods and services produced within a country plus income from other countries minus payments made to other countries
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| Governance | The art of leading, management and decision-making in a country for the common good
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| Gross National Income per capita (GNI per capita) | Calculated as the total value of goods and services produced within a country over a year plus income from other countries minus payments made to other countries
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| Landmine | An explosive device which is placed in the ground and triggered by a vehicle, a person, or an animal
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| Reconnaissance | An inspection of an area to gather military information
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| Sovereignty | Complete independence and self-government
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| ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations set up to promote development in the region
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| ADF | the Australian Navy, Army and Air Force whose mission is to protect Australia and its national interests
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| Barriers to trade | Things that hinder the process of trade such as tariffs, quotas, subsidies and regulations
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| Comparative advantage | When one country can produce a good more efficiently than another
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| Free Trade | The movement towards trade with no barriers
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| Foreign Exchange | Financial transactions resulting from trade when money is drawn in one country to be paid in another
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| Merchandise Trade | The movement of physical goods like cars, televisions and animal meat between countries
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| International Trade | The movement of goods, services and ideas between countries
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| Primary Products | Products from agricultural, fishing and mining activities that undergo no processing
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| Quota | A limit on the number of items allowed to be imported into a country
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| Ratified | When a trade agreement has been bought into law in a country through the legislative process
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| Subsidy | A payment made by a government to producers of goods to help them meet their costs of production
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| Tariff | A tax on an imported good imposed by the importing country to raise the price of the item and protect local industry
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| Trade liberalisation | Freeing up trade through the removal of barriers to trade
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| Trade Sanction | Restrictions of trade placed on nations who fail to meet trade obligations they have agreed to
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| Asylum-Seeker | An individual who seeks refuge in a foreign country, usually due to religious or political persecution
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| Demography | The study of human population characteristics and patterns
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| Emigrant | Someone who leaves one country to settle in another
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| Immigrant | A person who migrates to another country permanently
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| Infrastructure | Facilities and systems that serve a country, city or area, including transport and communication systems, power plants, hospitals and schools
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| Reconciliation | The process of understanding and building the relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians
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| Refugee | A person who flees their country in search of refuge in times of war, famine, political oppression or religious persecution
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| Fertility Rate | The average number of babies born to a woman during her reproductive years
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| Superannuation | A pension-like program that is organised by employers for the benefit of their employees to ensure that they have enough money to fund their retirement
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| Suburbanisation | Urban growth caused by the creation of new suburbs at the outer edges of the city
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| Temporary Protection Visa | A visa to Australia for asylum-seekers who arrive in Australia without authorisation and are assessed by the Department of Immigration and Citizenship to be refugees, which allows them to stay a set amount of time
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| Isobar | lines on a synoptic chart that join places of equal air pressure
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| Longitude | The distance east or west of the Prime Meridian measured in degrees
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| El Niño | The name that is given to unusually cool ocean currents of the east coast of Australia, which often lead to below-average rainfall in south-eastern Australia
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| Synoptic Chart | A map showing the atmospheric conditions of air pressure which is used to make weather forecasts
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| Tropical Cyclone | An intense tropical storm that develops over warm oceans between 5° and 20° north or south of the Equator
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| Tornado | A rapidly rotating column of air extending down from cumulonimbus clouds in the atmosphere
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| Tsunami | A large wave usually formed by undersea earthquakes and landslides
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| Drought | Below-average rainfall for a prolonged period of time that affects food production and depletes industrial and domestic water supply
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| Flood | A natural hazard that occurs when water inundates land that is usually dry
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| Earthquake | A sudden movement in the Earth’s crust caused by movements of the continental plates, usually located at place boundaries, but can also be caused by intra-plate tension
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| Epicentre | The point on the Earth’s surface directly above where an earthquake is focused
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| Natural Disaster | When a natural hazard impacts on a community causing destruction of property and lives
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| Natural Hazard | When the forces of nature combine to become destructive including tropical cyclones and storms, floods, bushfires, droughts, earthquakes, landslides and tsunamis
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| Community | An identifiable group interacting on the basis of shared space and/or social organisation
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| Culture | The values and customs of a particular country as expressed in the music, food, interests, religion and sport of that country
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| Median Age | The age at which half the population is older and half is younger
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| Life Expectancy | The expected number of years of survival of human beings in particular countries, states or areas
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| Natural Increase | The number of births minus the number of deaths in a population
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| Net Overseas Migration | The total permanent and long-term migration of people to Australia from other countries minus the long-term migration of people leaving Australia
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| Population | The total number of people who live in a country, city, or any district or area
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| Population Density | The number of people per square kilometre
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| Total Fertility Rate | The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime
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| Rural Decline | The loss of population, employment and opportunities in rural areas
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| Rural-Urban Migration | The process of people from country areas moving to urban areas to live
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| Ecological Dimension | The way humans interact with the physical environment
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| Egalitarian Society | A society where all people are equal
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| Spatial Dimension | Where things are and why they are there
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| Primary Data | Data that has been collected personally by a researcher
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| Secondary Data | Information that has been collected by others, typically reported in print form
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| Ecological Sustainability | Meeting the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
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| Topography | The shape of the land
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| Corrosion | The action of salt on minerals like iron that are contained in rock, weakening the rock and making it more susceptible to erosion
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| Deposition | The depositing of sand and rock particles caused by wind and wave action forming features such as beaches
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| Erosion | The removal of rock and sand particles as a result of wind and wave action
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| Catchment | An area drained by a river and its tributaries
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| Desalination | The process of removing salt from seawater to produce drinking water
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| Land Degradation | The deterioration of land resources
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| Salinity | An increase in the amount or concentration of salts near the surface of soils to a point that the environment is degraded
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| Soil Erosion | Soil loss due to the movement of topsoil by water and wind
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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