Respiratory
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| Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil) | B2 selective SABA. MDI, solution, PO
Fewer side effects. May still
cause ↑ HR.
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| Levalbuterol (Xopenex) | B2 selective SABA. Inh
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| Salmeterol (Serevent) | Long-acting B2 agonist. For long-term (NOT acute) use, MDI
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| Theophylline (Theo-Dur) | ? Antagonist at bronchiolar adenosine receptors. For maintenance therapy in moderate-severe asthma. SE include nausea, dizziness, headache, ↑ HR, tremor, anxiety. Monitor doses! Given PO ONLY
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| Aminophylline | ? Antagonist at bronchiolar adenosine receptors. May be given IV for severe bronchoconstriction.
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| Tiotropium (Spiriva) | ↓ cGMP mediated
bronchonconstriction. Long-acting inhaled drug for COPD. Anticholinergic SE, especially dry mouth.
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| Ipratropium (Atrovent) With Albuterol = Combivent | ↓ cGMP mediated
bronchonconstriction. Bronchospasm in COPD is main use. Not absorbed so few anticholinergic effects. Given via inhalation.
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| Methylprednisolone - IV (Solu-Medrol) | ↓ synthesis + release of inflammatory mediators by immune cells. Used for short-term when sympathomimetics alone can't control. IV for status asthmaticus
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| Prednisone | PO. Knock down inflammation. Keep stable.
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| Beclomethasone (Beclovent) Mometasone (Asmanex Twisthaler) Budesonide (Pulmicort) | ↓ synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators by immune cells. Aerosolized, so systemic SE ↓
But ↑ risk of oral candidiasis (thrush). NOT for status asthmaticus .
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| Cromolyn (Gastrocrom) | ↓ release of inflammatory mediators (histamine) from mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils. used for prophylaxis of asthma
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| Nedocromil (Tilade) | ↓ release of inflammatory mediators (histamine) from mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils. Prophylaxis for mild/moderate asthma.
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| Montelukast (Singulair) | a leukotriene receptor blocker. Approved for asthma prophylaxis in kids as young as 12 mos.
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| Codeine | ↓ sensitivity of cough center to impulses. Dizziness, sedation.
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| Hydrocodone | ↓ sensitivity of cough center to impulses. More addicting
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| Diphenydramine | ↓ sensitivity of cough center to impulses. Drowsiness, sedation.
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| Guaifenesin | Decrease mucus viscosity. Have little benefit, but are sometimes used in combination with cough suppressants.
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| Diphenhydramine (Benedryl) Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) | First-generation Antihistamines
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| Cetirizine (Zyrtec) Loratidine (Claritin) | Second-generation Antihistamines
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| Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) | Inh, bronchoscope, catheter. Also used for acetaminophen poisoning by PO route.
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