Renal Drugs
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| Chlorothiazide (Diuril) Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) Chlorthalidone (Thalitone) | ↓ Na+ Cl reabsorption, also lose K+.
Thiazide Diuretics. Patients are at risk for hypokalemia
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| Furosemide (Lasix) | ↓ Na+ Cl reabsorption, high K+ loss also.
Much more potent than Thiazides. Works in the loop. Increase sodium loss.
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| Bumetanide (Bumex) | Most potent in the loop.
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| Amiloride (Midamor) | ↑ Na+ excretion, ↓ K+ secretion
Hyperkalemia
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| Mannitol (Resectisol) | ↓ Na + H20 reabsorption osmotically
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| Thiazides | HTN, mild CHF, edema. Causes hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, Hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia. Fluid loss = hypotension. *↑ toxic reactions to digoxin and lithium. Take early in the morning. Eat bananas, anything with K.
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| Loop diuretics | CHF, renal disease, HT crises
Cause marked hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesmia. *Ototoxicity occurs w/ethacrynic acid and furosemide (damages hair cells) - occurs esp. w/IV use and rapid infusion.K supplement!
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| Potassium - sparing | Used in combination w/other diuretics (esp. thiazides) to treat HTN. Hyperkalemia! Sprinolactone - used for hyperaldosteronism; may cause endocrine imbalances. Triamterine/Amiloride- hyperkalemia is worse. may turn urine blue! mean get female traits.
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| Osmotic Diuretics (mannitol) | Renal failure, ↑ drug excretion, ↓ ICP or IOP, ↓ nephrotox of cisplatin. Causes headache, NVD. Give only IV. May ↑ venous BP initially + could induce heart failure.
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