The Child with Cognitive, Sensory, or Communicative Impairments
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| show | IQ below 70-75, before 18 yo, 2 functional impairments
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| show | Communication, Home living, Community use of resources, Work, Health and safety, Functional academics, Leisure, Self-direction, Self-care, and Social skills
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| show | developmental-DOES NOT SHOW RIGHT AWAY
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| show | POOR performance in school
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| Early Behavioral Signs of Mental Retardation: | show 🗑
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| Causes of mental retardation: Intrauterine ____ and intoxication, ____ (Pre,peri,postnatal), Metabolic or ____ disorders, Prematurity,LBW,Postmaturity, Unknown ____ influences & intoxication, ____ disorders, Chromosomal ____, & ____ disorders. | show 🗑
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| show | 50-55 to 70-75 Mental age of 9-12 years: able to work and contribute to society
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| show | 35-40 to 50-55 Mental age of 6-9 years: able to achieve some degree of independence in self-care, simple academic skills
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| Severe IQ | show 🗑
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| Profound IQ | show 🗑
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| Which immunization is involved in primary prevention of MR | show 🗑
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| show | Genetic
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| show | folic acid
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| show | fetal alcohol syndrom - avoid alcohol
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| show | Lead
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| Prenatal care and childhood ____ are primary preventions to MR | show 🗑
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| Communication is promoted for optimum development of a MR child by working on ____ and ____ skills | show 🗑
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| show | teach social acceptable behaviors, maintain appropriate appearance, and expose child to strangers and peers
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| show | have same needs as other children, may need assistance to initiate play activity, and prolonged need for sensorimotor play
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| Even though the ____ are the primary caretaker and teacher of a child with MR, they have to have information about ____ available devices aid in achievement of independence | show 🗑
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| Down Syndrome aka ____21 | show 🗑
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| T/F Down Syndrome is Most common chromosomal abnormality of a generalized syndrome. | show 🗑
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| Down Syndrome occures in 1 in ____ live births | show 🗑
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| show | False-Occurs more in caucasians than African Americans
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| What is the most common genetic cause of MR? | show 🗑
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| Down Syndrome chromosome abnormality in 95% of cases is when the chromosome pairs fail to seperate during meiosis resulting in ____ chromosomes (____ chromosomes on the 21st pair), related to maternal ____ | show 🗑
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| 5% of cases of paternal age is a factor especialy if the father is ____ years or older | show 🗑
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| 3-4% of down syndrome is caused by ____ in which part of the extra 21st chromosome is attached to another chromosome, and 1% is due to ____. | show 🗑
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| Mothers age and down syndrom: age 35 ____, age 40 ____, age 45 ____ | show 🗑
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| show | Separated sagittal suture, flat occipt, small rounded skull, large anterior fontanel, sparse hair
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| show | Upward, outward slant, epicanthal folds, Brushfield’s spots
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| Physical features of the mouth and nose of a child with down syndrome: ____ palate, ____ tongue, ____ mouth, ____ nose, ____ nasal bridge | show 🗑
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| show | Small ears, overlapping upper helixes
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| show | short and broad
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| show | Short stature, hypotonic, muscle weakness, hyperflexibility, shortened rib cage
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| Hands and feet manifestations of a child with Down Syndrome include: Broad ____ hands, ____ palmer crease, ____ between big and second toe, broad short ____ feet | show 🗑
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| show | Protrusion, flabby muscles, umbilical hernia, small penis, cryptorchidism (absence of one or both testes
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| show | mild-moderate (average 50)
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| A child who has Down Syndrome is commonly overweight by ____ yo | show 🗑
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| ____% of children with Down Syndrome have congenital heart disease (CHD) especially septal defects | show 🗑
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| show | Down Syndrome
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| Strabismus, nystagmus, asigmatism, hyperopia, myopia, excessive tearing, cataracts are some sensory problems seen in children with ____ | show 🗑
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| Hearing problems such as Hearing loss, otitis media, narrow ear canals can be seen in children with | show 🗑
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| T/F, a child who has Down Syndrome typically has an altered immune function, decreased incidence of leukemia and no thyroid problems | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | Growth charts
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| show | Fragile X Syndrome
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| Fragile X Syndrome occures in 1 in ____ live births | show 🗑
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| Fragile X syndrome affects males or females more often | show 🗑
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| show | most males, 30% of females
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| show | X
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| In Fragile X Syndrome, The gene involved is responsible for the production of a protein that is needed for ____ and ____ development and function. | show 🗑
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| show | Fragile X Syndrome
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| show | Autism
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| show | Fragile X Syndrome
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| show | change in routine and aggressive behavior
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| It is estimated that 2 in ____ children are born with permanent hearing problems | show 🗑
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| show | Slight - hearing aid works well
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| Range of hearing impairment may have speech difficulties, understands speech at 3-5ft | show 🗑
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| show | Moderately Severe - hearing aid can help
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| show | Severe (deaf) - hearing aid doesn't help
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| Range of hearing impairment, may hear only loud sounds, needs extensive speech training | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | False - conductive hearing loss is
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| show | conductive
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| Most frequent cause of conductive hearing loss is ____ otitis media | show 🗑
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| conductive hearing loss involves the ____ of sound | show 🗑
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| perceptive or nerve deafness is called ____ hearing loss | show 🗑
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| show | inner ear or auditory nerve
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| With sensorineural hearing loss ____ is distorted and have problems with discrimination of sounds loss, ____ | show 🗑
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| show | Sensorineural
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| show | otits media
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| ____ hearing loss usually involves actual brain damage which results in the inability to process information | show 🗑
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| Infants with hearing loss lack the ____ reflex to sound | show 🗑
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| show | 6
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| show | 7
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| Yelling or screaming to express pleasure, annoyance, or need are manifestations of ____ impairment in children | show 🗑
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| T/F hearing aids can help with sensorineural loss | show 🗑
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| ____ implant - Bypasses damage and directly stimulates undamaged nerve fibers to transmit signals to brain | show 🗑
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| ____ speech Uses hand signals to augment lip-reading | show 🗑
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| show | 80%
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| show | 6 to 20 months
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| show | smokers
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| ____ is an inflammation of the middle ear without reference to etiology or pathogenesis | show 🗑
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| show | acute otitis media
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| show | Otitis Media with Effusion
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| show | Acute Otitis Media
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| ____is most often caused by RSV and influenza and also by blocked Eustachian tubes from the edema of URI’s or allergic rhinitis, or large adenoids | show 🗑
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| T/F Otitis Media with effusion is an extension of an acute episode | show 🗑
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| show | Eustachian Tubes
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| ____ tubes helps to equalize the air pressure within the middle ear and atmospheric pressure in the external ear | show 🗑
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| ____ Allows an accumulation of secretions in the middle ear | show 🗑
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| show | functional obstruction
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| Conductive Hearing Loss such as Tympanic membrane retraction, Perforation and scaring of the eardrum, Adhesive OM (glue ear), Cholesteatoma, Mastoiditis, Meningitis are complications of ____ | show 🗑
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| Pain, irritability, High temperature common, Enlarged lymph glands, Signs of respiratory infection, Vomiting and Diarrhea, Loss of appetite, Discomfort with sucking and chewing are all clinical manifestations of ____ | show 🗑
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| Severe pain or fever is usually absent, Feeling of “fullness” in ear, Popping sensation when swallowing, Feeling of motion in ear, Decreased hearing, Exudate accumulates & pressure increases with a potential for rupture are manifestations of ____ | show 🗑
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| show | bright red or yellow - orange
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| What type of otitis media has a bulging immobile membrane with no landmarks or light reflex | show 🗑
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| In which type of otitis medis can you see a visible fluid level behind drum if air is present above the fluid | show 🗑
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| ____ are used to treat Acute Otitis Media but not Otitis Meda with Effusion | show 🗑
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| show | Recurrent acute otitis media and 4-6 months of bilateral otitis media with effusion
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| show | ventilation of middle ear and prevent scar formation and loss of elasticity
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| show | Adenoidectomy
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| show | False
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| show | feeding
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| Between ____ and ____ children per 100,000 population have a serious visual impairment or blindness | show 🗑
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| show | visual
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| show | ice
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| show | 20
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| Observe all penetrating and “blow” injuries for the development of ____ (collection of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye) | show 🗑
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| Examine eye for presence of object. Evert upper lid to examine. If freely moveable use corner of a moistened gauze pad to remove. Do not ____ or ____ eye | show 🗑
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| show | conjunctivitis - t opthalmic antibiotics
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| Severe conjunctivitis infections may require ____ antibiotics | show 🗑
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| Another word for amblyopia | show 🗑
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| Amblyopia is Reduced ____ in one eye | show 🗑
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| T/F In amblyopia, Vision in the weaker eye will be lost | show 🗑
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| with amblyopia Misalignment of eyes so that one focuses better than the other. ____ occurs | show 🗑
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| show | amblyopia and strabismus
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| show | Strabismus (cross-eye)
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| show | estropia
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| show | extropia
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| How do parents overcome the challenges of bonding with a child who is born blind? | show 🗑
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| show | Need non visual cues such as tactile or ambulatory to get child motivated to move and develop motor skills. Need to learn to feel movement. Slower to develop skills
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| show | verbalization
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| show | visual
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| visually impaired children need to gain ____ by becoming motivated to do for themself | show 🗑
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| show | learn left and right, use special techniques for mobilization and use of braille (as well as records, talking books, special calculators, computers with voice synthesizer.
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| show | Tadoma
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| show | True
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| show | 18 to 36
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| T/F etiology is unknown for autistic specgtrum disorders | show 🗑
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| Autistic spectrum disorders occures 1-2 in ____ children | show 🗑
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| autistic spectrum disorders are 4 times more common in ____ than ____ | show 🗑
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| Autistic spectrum disorders have qualitative impairments in ____ and ____ | show 🗑
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| show | Autistic Spectrum Disorders
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| show | True
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| About half or majority of children with autism have some degree of MR | show 🗑
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| show | The autistic child
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