greek vocab
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| Mediterranean | The largest sea that separates Europe and Africa.
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| Gulf of Corinth | Narrow body of water to the west of the Isthmus of Corinth, that separates northern Greece from the Peloponnesus (southern peninsula)
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| Aegean Sea | Sea to the east, between Greece and Asia Minor
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| Ionian Sea | Sea located between southern Greece and Italy to the west.
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| Adriatic Sea | Sea located between northern Greece and Italy to the west.
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| Mt. Olympus (Olympic Mountains) | Highest peak in Greece. Mythical home of the Olympic gods.
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| Peloponnesus | Large peninsula the forms the southern part of Greece
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| Knossos | Ancient capital of the Minoan culture on the Aegean island of Crete
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| Minoans | Advanced seafaring and trading civilization based on the island of Crete in the southern Aegean Sea.
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| Thera (Santorini) | Volcanic island in the Aegean believed by some to have been the site of the legendary lost civilization of Atlantis.
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| Crete | Large island located in the southern Aegean Sea, where the Minoan civilization flourished.
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| Trojan War | Trojan War Legendary 10-year war fought between the Greeks, led by King Agamemnon of Sparta, and the city-state of Troy, a rich trading city on the coast of Asia Minor. (Present day Turkey)
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| Iliad | Homer's epic story of the Trojan War.
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| Troy | The city-state in Asia Minor (Turkey) that was the Greek's archrivals.
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| Heinrich Schliemann | German archaeologist who was said to have discovered the ruins of Troy on the coast of Turkey, and the golden "King Priam's Treasure" in 1873, using Homer's Iliad as a guide.
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| city-state | A city with its own traditions, government & laws.
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| democracy | A form of government in which the people govern themselves. One person=1 vote. Only Athenian men could vote.
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| Mycenaeans | The civilization that conquered the Minoans.
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| Asia Minor | A peninsula in western Asia, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea; the site of present-day eastern Turkey.
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| Hellas | name for Greece in Greek.
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| Hellespont | ancient Greek name for the Dardanelles, the narrow strait separating Europe and Asia at the northern tip of the Aegean Sea.
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| Sea of Marmara | Sea located between the Dardanelles Strait and the Bosporus Strait.
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| the Bosporus | Strait located at the northern end of the Sea of Marmara and leading to the Black Sea.
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| Black Sea | Inland sea in SW Eurasia (present day southern Ukraine and Russia.
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| the river Styx | The Styx was the principal river of the underworld, which had to be crossed to pass to the regions of the dead, called Hades (Hell).
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| Sicily | Large island located off the tip of the Italian peninsula. Both the Spartans and the Athenians fought for control of Sicily because of it's strategic location in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea which made it an important location for trade.
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| Syracuse (Siracusa) | Located near SE coast of Sicily it is built on an ancient Greek settlement founded by Corinthians in 734 BC. It was the most important city in Magna Graecia (Greater Greece), and for a time rivaled Athens as the most important city of the Greek world.
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| proximity | Related to relative location, it is how near or close a thing or place is to another. (ex: Coventry is proximite to West Warwick)
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| Cultural diffusion | The spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another. Direct diffusion of culture occurs when two distinct cultures are very close together (proximity). Occurred through trade, intermarriage, and sometimes warfare.
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| The Parthenon | Famous temple of the goddess Athena located on the Acroplis in Athens. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
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| Caryatids | Famous architectural columns sculpted to look like female figures on the Erechtheum temple located on the Acropolis.
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| Athens | Greek city-state where democracy was founded. Defeated by Sparta in the Peloponnesian Wars. Capital of modern Greece.
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| Sparta | City-state in ancient Greece known for its warrior culture. Defeated Athens in the Peloponnesian War.
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| Dark Ages of Greece | Period between (1200 BC–800 BC)marked by a widespread collapse in population (possibly due to disease) before the rise of the city-states such as Athens. Also called the Homeric Age.
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| "Golden Age" | Period from 479b.c.-431b.c. when Athens grew rich and powerful from trade and silver; and made amazing achievements in the arts, literature, philosophy, architecture, and government. Democracy was founded during this period.
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| Thebes | Ancient Greek city-state. Home of the tragic Greek hero Oedipus. Thebes revolted against Macedonian rule and was conquered by Alexander the Great.
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