Exercise 10: Brightness and Color of Stars
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| The apparent brightness (___________) of a star is the first step to finding its intrinsic brightness, or _____________. | apparent magnitude, Luminosity
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| ______________ tells us what the energy output of the star is. | Luminosity
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| What is the ultimate source of energy for the vast majority of the stars we study? | Nuclear reactions
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| The _____ of a star is related to the temperature of the star. | color
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| The color of a star is related to the ___________ of the star. | temperature
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| __________ is another basic characteristic that enables us to determine the conditions in the atmosphere of the star. | temperature
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| _________ is another basic characteristic that enables us to determine its chemical composition. | temperature
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| __________ is another basic characteristic that enables us to determine information to feed in to computer models that characterize the entire structure of the star. | temperature
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| Apparent magnitudes and _________ are usually measured with photometers or CCD cameras and filters. | colors
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| ____________ and colors are usually measured with photometers or CCD cameras and filters. | apparent magnitudes
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| Apparent magnitudes and colors are usually measured with __________ or CCD cameras and filters. | photometers
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| apparent magnitudes and colors are usually measured with photometers or ___________ and filters. | CCD cameras
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| apparent magnitudes and colors are usually measured with photometers or CCD cameras and ____________. | filters
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| Our goal is to use a_______ precise detector, the eye, to get some idea of the apparent brightness and colors of some bright stars. | less
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| Our goal is to use a less precise _________, the eye, to get some idea of the apparent brightness and colors of some bright stars. | detector
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| Our goal is to use a less precise detector, the eye, to get some idea of the _____________ and colors of some bright stars. | apparent brightness
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| Our goal is to use a less precise detector, the eye, to get some idea of the apparent brightness and ___________ of some bright stars. | colors
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| Our goal is to use a less precise detector, the eye, to get some idea of the apparent brightness and colors of some ________stars. | bright
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| ___________ is the logarithmic measure of the brightness of an object. | magnitude
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| magnitude is the ____________ measure of the brightness of an object. | logarithmic
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| magnitude is the logarithmic measure of the ____________ of an object. | brightness
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| magnitude is the logarithmic measure of the brightness of an __________. | object
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| _________________ is a measure of an objects luminosity; defined to be the apparent magnitude the object would have if it were located exactly 10 parsecs away. | Absolute magnitude
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| Absolute magnitude is a _________ of an objects luminosity; defined to be the apparent magnitude the object would have if it were located exactly 10 parsecs away. | measure
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| Absolute magnitude is a measure of an objects __________; defined to be the apparent magnitude the object would have if it were located exactly 10 parsecs away. | luminosity
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| Absolute magnitude is a measure of an objects luminosity; defined to be the ___________ the object would have if it were located exactly 10 parsecs away. | apparent magnitude
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| Absolute magnitude is a measure of an objects luminosity; defined to be the apparent magnitude the object would have if it were located exactly ___________ away. | 10 parsecs
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| _________ is the total power output of an object, usually measured in watts or in units of solar luminosities. | Luminosity
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| Luminosity is the ________________ of an object, usually measured in watts or in units of solar luminosities. | total power output
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| luminosity is the total power output of an object usually measured in _______ or in units of solar luminosities. | watts
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| luminosity is the total power output of an object usually measured in watts or in units of _______________________. | solar luminosities
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| _____________ is directly related to the magnitude of a star. | luminosity
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| luminosity is directly related to the ____________ of a star. | magnitude
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| ____________ is based on the amount of energy a star is putting out compared to our sun. | luminosity
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| luminosity is based on the amount of _________ a star is putting out compared to our sun. | energy
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| luminosity is based on the amount of energy a star is putting out compared to our __________. | sun
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| luminosity is based on the _________ of energy a star is ________ compared to our sun. | amount, putting out
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| ____________ is a simple numerical expression that determines the color of an object, which in the case of a star gives its temperature. | color index
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| color index is a simple ___________ expression that determines the color of an object, which in the case of a star gives its temperature. | numerical
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| color index is a simple numerical expression that determines the ________ of an object, which in the case of a star gives its temperature. | color
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| color index is a simple numerical expression that determines the color of an object which in the case of a star gives its ____________. | temperature
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| ____________ is a category for classifying a star according to features of its spectrum that indicates its surface temperature and chemical composition. | spectral type
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| spectral type is a ____________ for classifying a star according to features of its spectrum that indicates its surface temperature and chemical composition. | category
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| spectral type is a category for ________ a star according to features of its spectrum that indicates its surface temperature and chemical composition. | classifying
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| spectral type is a category for classifying a star according to __________ of its spectrum that indicates its surface temperature and chemical composition. | features
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| spectral type is a category for classifying a star according to features of its _________ spectrum that indicates its _____________ temperature and chemical composition. | spectrum, surface
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| spectral type is a category for classifying a star according to features of its spectrum that indicates its surface temperature and _____________. | chemical composition
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| ___________ is a graph in which the absolute the absolute magnitude of stars is plotted vertically against their surface temperatures. | H-R diagram
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| H-R diagram is a graph in which the _________________ of stars is plotted vertically against their surface temperatures. | absolute magnitude
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| H-R diagram is a graph in which the absolute magnitude of stars is plotted _____________ against their surface temperatures. | vertically
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| H-R diagram is a graph in which the absolute magnitude of stars is plotted vertically against their ____________. | surface temperatures
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| What shows a shows a strong correlation between luminosity and surface temperature among the average sized stars known as dwarfs? | H-R Diagram
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| H-R Diagram shows a strong ____________ between luminosity and surface temperature among the average sized stars known as dwarfs. | correlation
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| H-R Diagram shows a strong correlation between ___________and _____________among the average sized stars known as dwarfs. | luminosity,surface temperature
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| H-R Diagram shows a strong correlation between luminosity and surface temperature among the average sized stars known as_________. | dwarfs
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| H-R Diagram shows a strong correlation between luminosity and surface temperature ________ the average sized stars known as dwarfs. | among
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| ________________ is a diagonal band on the Hertzsprung Russell diagram containing about 90% of all known stars, stars evolve onto and then off the band during their life time | Main Sequence
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| What does H-R stand for? | Hertzsprung Russell
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| Main Sequence is a diagonal band on the Hertzsprung Russell diagram containing about ________ of all known stars, stars evolve onto and then off the band during their life time | 90%
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| Main Sequence is a diagonal band on the Hertzsprung Russell diagram containing about 90% of all known stars, stars ________ onto and then off the band during their life time | evolve
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| A _______________ is a very large, bright non-main-sequence star that burns hydrogen at a much faster rate than a dwarf star. | giant star
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| Giant stars are much more _______________ and have ____________ lifespans than the slower-burning dwarfs. The larger the giant, the shorter its lifespan. | luminous, shorter
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| A giant star is a very large, ________ non-main-sequence star that burns __________ at a much faster rate than a dwarf star. | bright, hydrogen
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| Giant stars are much more luminous and have shorter lifespans than the slower-burning _________. The larger the giant, the shorter its lifespan. | dwarfs
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| A giant star is a very large, bright non-main-sequence star that burns hydrogen at a much faster rate than a __________star. | dwarf
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| Giant stars are much more luminous and have shorter lifespans than the slower-burning dwarfs. The larger the _______, the shorter its __________. | giant, lifespan
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| A ________________ star is a star that is larger, brighter, and more massive than a giant star, being thousands of times brighter than the sun and having a relatively short lifespan. 10-50 million year lifespan. | Supergiant
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| A Supergiant Star is a star that is larger, brighter, and more _________ than a giant star, being thousands of times brighter than the sun and having a relatively short lifespan. 10-50 million year lifespan. | massive
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| A Supergiant Star is a star that is larger, brighter, and more massive than a giant star, being ________ of times brighter than the sun and having a relatively short lifespan. 10-50 million year lifespan. | thousands
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| A Supergiant Star is a star that is larger, brighter, and more massive than a giant star, being thousands of times brighter than the sun and having a relatively _________ lifespan. 10-50 million year lifespan. | short
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| A Supergiant Star is a star that is larger, brighter, and more massive than a giant star, being thousands of times brighter than the sun and having a relatively short lifespan. 10-50 _________ year lifespan. | million
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| To check to see how good you are at ranking the stars, write down the __________ (MK Type) from the HR Diagram Data table in the spreadsheet for each star in table 10.1. | spectral type
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| To check to see how good you are at ranking the stars, write down the spectral type (MK Type) from the ____________ Data table in the spreadsheet for each star in table 10.1. | H-R Diagram
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| To check your ability to rank in ______________, write down from the HR Diagram Data table the apparent visual magnitude V, of each star in Table 10.2. Brightest is V = -1.5, which is brighter than V = 0, which is brighter than V = 1, etc. | brightness
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| To check your ability to rank in brightness, write down from the HR Diagram Data table the apparent _____________ V, of each star in Table 10.2. Brightest is V = -1.5, which is brighter than V = 0, which is brighter than V = 1, etc. | visual magnitude
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| To check your ability to rank in brightness, write down from the HR Diagram Data table the apparent visual magnitude V, of each star in Table 10.2. Brightest is V = ________, which is brighter than V = 0, which is brighter than V = 1, etc. | -1.5
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| If all the stars you observe were the same size, than the one that would be most luminous would be the one that is ________ and puts out more _________. | hotter, energy
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| If all the stars you observed were located at the same distance from the sun, the stars that would be the most luminous would be really _______ stars because they have more_________ and they put out more_________ than smaller stars. There bigger stars. | big, surface area, energy
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| The ____ line on the plot is the Zero _____ Main _______ (ZAMS), which represents the sequence of all stars when they first start burning ________ in their cores. | blue, age, sequence, hyrdrogen
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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