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Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
Weathering   The chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth's surface.  
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Erosion   The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered rock and soil.  
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Mechanical Weathering   The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.  
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Abrasion   The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice or wind  
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Ice Wedging   Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands  
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Chemical Weathering   The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.  
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Permeable   Characteristics of a material that is full of tiny, connected air spaces that water can seep through.  
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Soil   The loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.  
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Bedrock   The soild layer of rock beneath the soil  
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Humus   Dark-colored organic material in soil  
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Loam   Rich, fertile soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand and silt  
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Soil Horizon   A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it  
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Topsoil   Mixture of humus, clay and other minerals that forms the crumbly, topmost layer of soil  
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Subsoil   The layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay and other minerals  
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Litter   The loose layer of dead plant leaves and stems on the surface of the soil  
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Decomposers   Soil organisms that break down the remains of organisms and digest them.  
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