Radiobiology: Study of Effects of Ionizing Radiation
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| the study of effects of radiation on humans | show 🗑
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| suggests that low levels of radiation(<50 mGy or 5 rad)provides a protective effect by simulating molecular repair mechanisms | show 🗑
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| show | at the atomic level of a structure
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| show | *early *late(chronic/delayed) *embryo-fetal
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| show | *acute radiation syndrome *local tissue damage *hematologic damage(drops blood count) *cytogenic(cellular change)
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| show | *cancer
*local tissue damage
*life span shortening
*genetic effects
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| what is a point lesion | show 🗑
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| show | early symptom
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| show | dormant
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| what are the three stages of radiation effects | show 🗑
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| what is something if it is acute | show 🗑
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| show | *250 mSv= drop in cell count
*1500 mSv= erythema adn NVD
*3000 mSv= lethal dose, 50% of exposed population will die within 30 days(LD 50/30)
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| how many levels of cellular composition are there | show 🗑
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| show | chemical or atomic
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| show | interactions between elements to combine into molecules
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| what is a large molecule with a major function | show 🗑
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| what is homeostasis | show 🗑
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| what is catabolism | show 🗑
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| show | building up of molecules
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| what is metabolism | show 🗑
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| what is the composition of a macromolecule | show 🗑
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| show | *provides form and cell shape
*maintains temperature
*enters into biochemical reactions
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| what is the only non-organic molecule in the body | show 🗑
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| what role does protein play within a cell | show 🗑
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| show | allow biochemical reactions
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| what do hormones do | show 🗑
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| show | primary defense against antigens
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| show | foreign substance that causes body to produce antibodies, when introduced to body
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| show | *structural component of cell membrane
*thermal insulator
*provide energy storage and fuel
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| show | *fuel for cell metabolism
*provide shape and stability for cells/tissues
*poly or monosaccharides
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| what is the role of RNA within a cell | show 🗑
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| show | *found only in nucleus
*double helix
*hold nitrogenous bases
*contain 5-carbon sugar(pentose, which is a monosaccharide)
*phosphoric acid bonds
*contains all hereditary info
*found on chromosome
*most radiosensitive MM
*contains codon
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| what makes up the side rails of DNA ladder | show 🗑
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| show | pairs of nitrogenous bases(one purine and one pyrimidine)
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| show | codon
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| basic unit of matter, consists of nucleus and surrounded by negatively charged electrons | show 🗑
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| (A#) number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus | show 🗑
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| show | atomic number
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| two atoms that have same number of protons but different number of neutrons/same atomic number different atomic mass | show 🗑
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| show | octet
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| determines the chemical binding ability of an atom | show 🗑
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| show | homeostasis
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| what is the second level of cellular composition | show 🗑
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| show | small organ within a cell with specific functions
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| what are the different types of organelles within a cell | show 🗑
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| organelle found within the cytoplasm that functions as channels whereby nucleus communicates with cytoplasm | show 🗑
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| organelle that concentrates and packages secretion products (mailman) | show 🗑
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| show | lysosomes
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| where macromolecules are digested to produce cellular energy, known as the workhorse or engine of the cell | show 🗑
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| small organelle, which is the site of protein synthesis | show 🗑
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| show | the cell
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| show | basic living subunit, within any living organism
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| has single helix strand, found in and outside of nucleus, and comes in messanger, and transfer varieties | show 🗑
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| show | deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)
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| show | cell membrane
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| outside of nucleus but within plasma membrane, contains organelles and all living things within a cell, made of 70%-90% water | show 🗑
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| show | *protein synthesis- genetic code contained in DNA tells which protein to be produced
*code transfers to mRNA within nucleus, mRNA leaves via ER on way to ribosome, where it is tranferred to tRNA. tRNA searches cytoplasm for the coded amino acid.
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| what is the next step after tRNA finds the amino acid that matches the code it carries | show 🗑
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| what happens if there is any interference with any of the sequences of protein synthesis | show 🗑
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| all cells of the body except the oogonium and the spermatogonium | show 🗑
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| what type of cells are oogonium(ovum) and spermatogonium(sperm) | show 🗑
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| show | somatic cells
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| show | *prophase
*Metaphase
*anaphase
*telophase
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| show | prophase
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| *chromosomes at equatorial plate *membrane completely broken down *chromatids attach to spindle fibers by centromere *duplication | show 🗑
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| *splitting of each chromosome at centromere, so that a centromere and two chromatids are attached to a spindle fiber, which is attached to a spindle or pole *newly formed chromosomes migrate to opposite poles or spindles | show 🗑
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| *structural chromosomes disappear into mass of DNA *nuclear membrane is pinched in middle and two new nuclei are formed | show 🗑
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| *towards the end of telophase *cytoplasm is divided into two equal parts(daughter cells), each one keeping one of the nuclei *not a part of mitosis, but a seperate part of proliferation | show 🗑
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| show | *gap 1-preperation for synthesis(part of interphase)
*DNA is synthesized(part of interphase)
*gap 2-preperation for mitosis(part of interphase)
*mitosis
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| show | meiosis- reduction division*chromosomes are reduced from 46 to 23 after to cycles(mother cells divide into two daughter cells, which are then each divided into two grandaughter cells, each with 23 chromosomes)
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| *exchange of chromosomal material between chromatids, resulting in changes to genetic make-up and inherited traits*happens in second cycle of meiosis | show 🗑
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| what happens in level 4 of cellular organization | show 🗑
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| what happens in level 5 of cellular organization | show 🗑
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| show | groups of organs form the 10 body systems
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| show | *immune
*skeletal
*nervous
*digestive
*cardiovascular
*integumentary
*respiratory
*endocrine
*reproductive
*excretory
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| what happens at level 7 of cellular organization | show 🗑
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| what are the most radiosensitive cells in the body | show 🗑
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| what are the most radioresistant cells in the body | show 🗑
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| *the part of the cell cycle between one mitotic phase and the next, from the end of cytokinesis to the beginning of the next prophase *period of growth of the cell, between divisions | show 🗑
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| what is RBE | show 🗑
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| what are the embryo/fetal radiation dose effects during 1st two weeks of pregnancy | show 🗑
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| what are the embryo/fetal radiation dose effects during weeks 2 to 10 | show 🗑
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| what are the embryo/fetal radiation dose effects during 2nd and 3rd trimesters | show 🗑
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| which two nitrogenous bases are purines | show 🗑
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| show | thymine and cytosine
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| show | nucleotide
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Created by:
bigad1982
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