Research and Critical Thinking
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Theory | General idea or explanation of why things are the way they are or how things work
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| Hypothesis | specific prediction, based on a theory, in a form that can be tested
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| Correlational Study | preliminary type study where one simply looks at two factors to see if there might be a relationship between them. May establish that there appears to be some kind of association between the two factors but does NOT determine "cause and effect"
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| Positive Correlation | approaching +1.0- as one goes up, the other goes up, and as one goes down, the other goes down
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| Negative correlation | approaching -1.0- as one goes up, the other goes down, and as one goes down, the other goes up
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| Independent Variable | factor controlled and manipulated by the experimenter
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| Dependent Variable | factor assumed to be influenced (outcome measure)
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| Reliability | extent to which an outcome measure tends to produce consistent readings under ordinary circumstances involving no independent variable manipulation- also,extent to which an outcome measure tends to produce consistent readings no matter who is conducting
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| Validity | extent to which an outcome measure actually measures what it is supposed to measure
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| Experimental Group | subjects receiving treatment in an experimental study
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| Control Group | subjects receiving no treatment in an experimental study
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| Random Assignment | unbiased division of subjects to create equal groups
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| Representative Sample | subjects should be a reasonably accurate reflection of the larger population to which the study's conclusions would apply
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| Statistical Significance | extent to which the results of an experimental study are not likely to be caused simply by chance (small differences between small groups mean nothing).
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| Meta-Analysis | process of reviewing and analyzing results of several studies on the same topic performed by different researchers (one study never proves anything)
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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