9. plant science defintions
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| TRANSPIRATION | the loss of water vapour from the leaves and stems of plants
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| XEROPHYTES | plants that are adapted to grow in very dry habitats
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| CAM PHYSIOLOGY | allows the opening of the stomata during the nights instead of hot days
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| TRANSPIRATION STREAM | the column of water connecting the roots, stem, leaves and air spaces
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| TRANSPIRATION PULL | the low pressure or suction caused inside xylem tubes
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| ACTIVE TRANSLOCATION | the movement of sugars and amino acids inside phloem tissue
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| SOURCES | parts of plants where photosynthesis occurs: stems and leaves
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| SINK | parts of plant that take photosynthetic products: roots, growing fruits and the developing seeds
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| FLOWER | structures used by flowering plants for sexual reproduction
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| ZYGOTE | the fusion of a male gamete with the female gamete inside the ovule
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| FERTILIZATION | the process of formation of a zygote
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| POLLINATION | the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma
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| MERISTEMS | regions where plants continue to grow, often throughout their life
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| AUXIN | a plant hormone, which acts as a growth promoter
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| PHOTOTROPISM | directional growth in response to the source of light
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| ANGIOSPERMS | flowering plants
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| MYCHORRHIZA | mutualistic relationship between roots and fungi
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| TURGOR PRESSURE | the pressure from cells when they become rigid and press on adjacent cells from having vacuoles filled with water
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| COHESION-TENSION THEORY | explains the movement of water in the xylem
tension: negative pressure from the loss of water vapour
cohesion: the forces of attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding
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| TRANSLOCATION | the movement of organic molecules through the phloem tissue of plants
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| CROSS POLLINATION | when pollen travelles from the anthers of one plant to the stigma of another plant
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| SELF POLLINATION | if pollen in deposited in the stigma of the same plant that produced it
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| TESTA | the hard protective seed coat
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| MICROPYLE | a pore in the testa through which water is absorbed
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| IMBIBITION | the process through which water enters the seed
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| ALEURONE LAYER | the cells which gibberellin simulates the synthesis of amylase
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| ENDOSPERM | food store where the amylase hyrodlyses starch molecules
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| RADICLE | embryo root
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| PLUMULE | embryo shoot
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| PHOTOPERIODISM | the plants responses to the relative periods of darkness and light
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| PHOTOCROME | the pigment in the leaf which causes the plants response to periods of darkness
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