Drugs Affecting Adrenergic Functions
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| Epinephrine (Adrenaline)* | Adrenergic agonist, catecholamine | Vasoconstriction, increases heart rate, bronchodilator, treatment of choice, anaphylactic reactions | *HYPERTENSION*, DYSHYTHMIAS, *ANGINAL PAIN*, *RESTLESSNESS* |
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| Atropine8 | anticholinergic, antiarrthymic | acts on smooth muscle of the heart and increases cardiac rate | *TACHYCARDIA*, palpations, *DRYMOUTH*, *DROWSINESS*, *URINARY HESITANCY* |
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| Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists (Beta-Blockers) | Inderal, Tenormin, Lopressor, Corgard | Blocks sympathetic nervous system catecholamines, resulting in reduced renin and aldosterone release and fluid balance. Vasodilation of arterioles leads to a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and blood pressure | Hypertension, antianginal agents in long-term treatment of angina; Dysrhythmias- suppress sinus and atrial tachydysrhythmias | Pregnancy and tactation | Can cause bronchoconstriction; use with caution with diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, cerebrovascular insufficiency, renal or hepatic dysfunction | Hypotension, BRADYCARDIA, *DROWSINESS*, Depression, SYMPTOMS OF CONGESTICVE HEART FAILURE; Insomnia, wheezing, dyspnea, malaise, *LETHARGY* | Asses Vital Signs; monitor closely if given with a calcium channel blocker; report any weakness, dizziness, bradycardia, or fainting; take medication before meals; Report any edema or difficulty breathing
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| Beta-Blockers | Beta, action is primarily on the heart- decreases rate, force of contraction, and delays impulse conduction. Beta, action is primarily on the heart, but it also blocks receptors in the lungs and can cause bronchoconstriction | Uncomplicated hypertension; Dysrhythmias; Angina | Diabetes; Bradydysrhythmias; Beta, in hronic respiratory problems | Hepatic and renal dysfunction | Headache, flushing, dizziness, *FATIGUE* *WEAKNESS*; BRADYCARDIA, postural hypotension; BRONCHOSPASM, BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; Decreased cardiac output, CHF | Asses for symptoms of heart failure, Instruct the client report any weakness, dizziness, or fainting
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| *ACE Inhibitors* | BP is regulated by CO and PVR. Meds that influence either one of those systems leads to BP control. Body systems that regulate CO, PVR, and BP include the vascular, cardiac, an renal systems that the SNS. | block the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, a vasoconstrictor. causes vasodilation and decreases PVR, decreasing BP. Aldosterone is also blocked, causing decreased sodium and water retention | Rx: Captopril (Capoten); Enalapril (Vasotec); Benazepril (Lotensin) | Mild to moderate essential hypertension, Frequently in combination either as separate drugs or in combination drug; Beta-adrenergic blockers are among the most widely used | Don't Abruptly stop, never double-up,
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| *Beta- Blockers* | BP is regulated by CO and PVR. Meds that influence either one of those systems leads to BP control. Body systems that regulate CO, PVR, and BP include the vascular, cardiac, an renal systems that the SNS. | prevent stmpathetic stimulation of the heart thereby reducing heart rate and contractility | Rx: Propranolol (Inderal); Atenolol (Tenormin); Metaprolol (Lopressor) | Mild to moderate essential hypertension, Frequently in combination either as separate drugs or in combination drug; Beta-adrenergic blockers are among the most widely used | Don't Abruptly stop, never double-up,
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| *Calcium Antagonists* | BP is regulated by CO and PVR. Meds that influence either one of those systems leads to BP control. Body systems that regulate CO, PVR, and BP include the vascular, cardiac, an renal systems that the SNS. | influc the beta-receptors, decrease the force of the myocardial contraction, reduce the heart rate, and decrease PVR | Rx: Verapamil (Calan Isoptin); Diltiazem (Cardizem); Nifedipine (Procardia) | Mild to moderate essential hypertension, Frequently in combination either as separate drugs or in combination drug; Beta-adrenergic blockers are among the most widely used | Don't Abruptly stop, never double-up,
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| IDEA | Drugs for Bradycardia and decrease BP | Isoproterenol, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Atropine |
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| Isoproterenol* | Sympathomimetic, catecholamine | Increases heart rate and cardiac output, and causes bronchodilation | Tachycardia and angina |
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| Dopamine* | Sympathomimetic, catecholamine | low doses, causes renal vasodilation. moderate increases cardiac output, stroke volume. Higher increases peripheral resistance, blood pressure, and renal vasoconstriction | VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS, angina pain, vasoconstriction, *INCREASE BP* |
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| Topical Vasoconstrictor | Sympathomimetic (decongestant) | Acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction with decreased congestion in affected areas. | Ophthalmic: relief of itching, congestion, and minor irritations. Inranasal: relief of nasal congestion due to common cold, acute or chronic rhinitis, hay fever, or allergies | Narrow-angle Glaucoma | Hypertension, heart disease, coronary artery disease; diabetes, hyperthyroidism | Ophthalmic: blurred vision, large pupils, increased eye irritation; Intranasal: *BURNING*, *STINGING*, drying nasal mucosa, sneezing, and rebound congestion | *instruct the client to use caution with activities that require viusl activity; *Do not use for more than 3 days without a physician's direction; Too frequent use may result in rebound effect
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