Stack #132763
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| Asthenosphere | plasticlike layer of Earth on which the lithospheric plates float and move around.
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| Cinder cone volcano | steep-sided, loosely packed volcano formed when tephra falls to the ground.
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| Composite volcano | volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra and lava; found mostly where Earth's plates come together and one plate sinks below the other.
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| Continental drift | Wegener's hypothesis that all continents were once connected in a single large landmass that broke apart about 200 million years ago and drifted slowly to their current positions.
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| Convection current | current in Earth's mantle that transfers heat in Earth's interior and is the driving force for plate tectonics.
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| Crater | steep-walled depression around a volcano's vent.
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| Earthquake | vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault.
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| Epicenter | point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus.
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| Hot spot | the result of an unusually hot area at the boundary between Earth's mantle and core that forms volcanos when melted rock s forced upward and breaks through the crust.
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| Lithosphere | rigid layer of Earth about 100 km thick, made of the crust and a part of the upper mantle.
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| Pangaea | large, ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents foined together.
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| plate tectonics | theory that Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plasticlike layer of the mantle.
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| plate | a large section of Earth's oceanic or continental crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the asthenosphere.
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| primary wave | seismic wave that moves rock particles back-and-forth in the same direction that the wave travels.
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| Seafloor spreading | Hess's theory that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge.
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| Secondary wave | seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave.
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| Seismograph | instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived.
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| Shield volcano | broad, gently sloping volcano formed by quiet eruptions of basaltic lava.
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| surface wave | seismic wave that moves rock particles up-and-down in a backward rolling motion and side-to-side in a swaying motion.
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| tephra | bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during a explosive volcanic eruption; ranges in size from volcanic ash to volcanic bombs.
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| Vent | opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto Earth's surface as lave, forming a volcano.
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| Volcano | opening in Earth's surface that erupts sulfurous gases, ash, and lava; can form at Earth's plate boundaries, where plates move apart or together, and at hot spots.
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Created by:
Connor Angelo
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