Respiratory System
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| diagnosis | identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, laboratory test results, and procedures
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| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs or the respiratory system
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| respiration | molecular exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body's tissues (breathing, pulmonary ventilation)
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| thoracic | pertaining to the thorax or thoracic cage
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| vascular | pertaining to a blood vessel
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| adenoid/o | adenoids
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| laryng/o | larynx
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| nas/o | nose
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| rhin/o | nose
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| pharyng/o | pharynx (throat)
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| tonsill/o | tonsils
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| treache/o | trachea
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| alveo/o | alveolus
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| bronch/o | bronchus
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| bronchi/o | bronchus
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| bronchiol/o | bronchiole
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| phren/o | diaphragm
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| pleur/o | pleura
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| pneum/o | air, lung
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| pneumon/o | pneumonia
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| pulmon/o | lung
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| thorac/o | chest
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| aer/o | air
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| cyan/o | blue
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| mastoid | mastoid process
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| muc/o | mucus
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| myc/o | fungus
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| orth/o | straight
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| py/o | pus
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| a- | without, not
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| brady- | slow
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| dys- | bad, painful, difficult
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| eu- | good, normal
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| tachy- | rapid
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| abnormal breath sounds | abnormal sounds during inhalation or expiration, with or without a stethoscope
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| crackles | (rales) fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is a fluid in the avlveoli
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| friction rub | dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body)
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| rhonchi | loud coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration. caused by obstructed airways
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| stridor | high-pitched, musical sound made on inspiration; caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx
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| wheezes | continuous high pitched whistling sounds. usually during expiration. caused by a narrowing airway
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| acidosis | excessive acidity of blood due to an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate caused by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide in the body
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| acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | life-threatening. buildup of fluid in the air sacs (alveoli). caused by vomit into the lungs (aspiration), inhaling chemicals, pneumonia, septic shock, or trauma. prevents enough oxygen from passing into bloodstream (adult respiratory distress syndrome)
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| anosmia | absence or decrease in the sense of smell
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| anoxia | total absence of oxygen in body tissues. lack of oxygen inhaled or an obstruction in lungs
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| asphyxia | condition of insufficient intake of oxygen due to chocking, toxic gases, electric shock, drugs, drowning, smoke, or trauma
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| asthma | inflammatory airway disorder that results in wheezing, shortness of breath attacks that get worse with exercise or activity and coughing
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| atelectasis | lung tissue collapse. prevents respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. caused by a variety of conditions including obstructions of foreign bodies, excessive secretions, pressure on the lung from a tumor
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| bronchitis | acute or chronic inflammation of mucous membranes of the bronchial airways caused by irritation, infection, or both
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| coryza | (cold) acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge
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| croup | acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor
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| cystic fibrosis (CF) | genetic disorder that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults. causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, early death
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| emphysema | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). makes it difficult to break. characterized by loss elasticity of the lung tissue that causes the small airways to collapse during forced exhalation
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| epistaxis | (nosebleed) hemorrhage from the nose
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| hypercapnia | greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| hypoxemia | deficiency of oxygen in the blood. usually a sign of respiratory impairment
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| hypoxia | deficiency of oxygen in the body tissues. usually a sign of respiratory impairment
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| influenza | (flu) acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain
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| otitis media (OM) | inflammation of the middle ear. commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) with symptoms of otodynia. treated with myringotomy or typoanostomy tubes
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| exudative | OM with the presence of fluid, such as pus or serum
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| pertussis | (whooping cough) acute infectious disease characterized by a "whoop"-sounding cough
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| pleurisy | acute infectious disease characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by a deep breathing or coughing
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| pneumothorax | collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity. causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung
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| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | (crib death) completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well or virtually well infant
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| arterial blood gases (ABGs) | group of tests that measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in an arterial blood sample
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| Mantoux test | intradermal test to determine recent or past exposure to tuberculosis (TB)
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| pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | variety of tests used to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently
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| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | basic emergency procedure for life support, consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage
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| endotracheal intubation | procedure in which an airway catheter is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea in patients who are unable to breathe on their own or to administer oxygen, medication, or anesthesia
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| postural drainage | use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretions from the specific lobes of the lungs, bronchi, or lunch cavities
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| thoracocentesis | (thoracentesis) needle usage to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space
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| tracheostomy | incision into the trachea and creating a permanent opening that a tube is inserted to keep the opening patent (accessible or wide open)
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| bronchodilators | dilate constricted airways by relaxing muscle spams in the bronchial tubes through oral administration or inhaled via a meteredose inhaler (MDI)
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| corticosteroids | suppress the inflammatory reaction that causes swelling and narrowing of the bronchi
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| expectorants | improve the ability to cough up musuc from the respiratory tract
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| metered-dose inhaler | device that enables the patient to self-administer a specific amount of medication into the lungs through inhalation
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| nebulized mist treatment (NMT) | (aerosol therapy) method of administering medication directly into the lungs using a device (nebulizer) that produces a fine spray
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| bronchoscopy | visual examination of interior bronchi. uses a bronchoscope. inserted through the nose (transnasally) or the mouth.
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| biospy specimen | the thing that causes an obstruction?
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| apnea pg. 92 | temporary cessation of breathing. hypertension, arrhythmia, obstructive sleep apnea.
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| continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) pg. 92 | gentle ventilator support used to keep the airways open
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pg. 93 | group of respiratory disorders. characterized by chronic, partial obstruction in the bronchi and lungs that make it difficult to breathe. mucus clogged. asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
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| ABG | arterial blood gas
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| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure
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| Dx | diagnosis
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| IV | intravenous
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| OP | outpatient, operative procedure
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| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea
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| PFT | pulmonary function test
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| UPP | uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
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| ORI | upper respiratory infection
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| pulmonologists | treat respiratory disorders like asthema, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, ventilator support, lung transplantation
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| respiratory system | nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, breathing muscles
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| external respiration | oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream and is expelled
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| internal respiration | oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged at the cellular level
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| bronchoscopy | endoscopic procedure that is visual examination of the interior Bronchi using a flexible fiberoptic instrustment with a light (bronchoscope). performed through the nose (transnasally) or through mouth. to biopsy specimen
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