Terminology associated with Earthquakes
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| aftershock | An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area.
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| anticline | An upwrd fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust.
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| base-isolated building | A building mounted on bearings designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake.
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| compression | Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
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| deformation | A change in the volume or shape of Earth's crust
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| earthquake | The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.
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| epicenter | The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
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| fault | A break in Earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other
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| fault-block mountain | A mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock
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| focus | The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake
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| fold | A bend in rock that forms where part of Earth's crust is compressed
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| footwall | The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault
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| hanging wall | The block or rock that forms the upper half of a fault
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| liquefaction | the process by which an earthquake's violent movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud
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| magnitude | the measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults
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| Mercalli scale | a scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause
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| moment magnitude scale | a scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake
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| normal fault | a type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust
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| P wave | a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground
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| plateau | a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level
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| reverse fault | a type of fault where the hanging wall moves up and over the footwall; caused by compression in the crust
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| Richter scale | a scale that rates seismic waves as measured by a particular tpe of mechanical seismograph
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| S wave | a type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side
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| seismic wave | a vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake
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| seismograph | a device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the Earth
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| shearing | stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions
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| stress | a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
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| strike-slip fault | a type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion
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| surface wave | a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface
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| syncline | a downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust
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| tension | stress that stretches rock so that it beomes thinner in the middle
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| tsunami | a large wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor
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