Angiography
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| What are the 2 systems of the Circulatory System? | 1)Blood-Vascular System
2)Lymphatic System
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| The major circulatory system is the ____________ system and the minor is the __________ system. | Blood-vascular; Lymphatic
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| The lymphatic system collects ________ or _______ from the _________ spaces. | Fluid; Lymph; Tissue
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| Both systems of circulation carry _________ and ___________ material to the __________. | Oxygen; Nutritive; Tissues
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| Both systems of circulation also collect and transport ____________ and other metabolic wastes to the organs of _____________. | Carbon Dioxide; Excretion
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| Name 4 organs of excretion: | Skin, Lungs, Liver, Kidneys
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| The central organ of the blood vascular system is the __________. | Heart
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| The heart has ___________ chambers divided by a __________. | 4; Septum
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| The muscular wall of the heart is the ____________. | Myocardium
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| The INNER lining of the heart is the ____________. | Endocardium
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| The thin membrane covering the heart is the ____________. | Epicardium
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| The double-walled outermost covering of the heart is the _______________. | Pericardium
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| The right side of the heart handles ___________ or _____________ __________. | Venous; Deoxygenated blood
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| The left side of the heart handles ____________ or ________________ blood. | Arterial; Oxygenated blood
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| The coronary arteries supply what? | Blood to the myocardium of the heart
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| The general term referring to radiologic examinations of vascular structures after introduction of contrast: | Angiography
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| The radiologic examination of arteries via contrast injection: | Arteriography
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| The radiologic examination of the veins via contrast injection: | Venography
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| What is the most commonly used contrast medium? | Water-Soluble iodinated contrast
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| 3 reasons that nonionic contrast is used: | 1)Fewer physiologic side effects
2)Fewer allergic reactions
3)Less nephrotoxic
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| _____________ concentration used for ____________ ______________. | Different; Different procedures
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| What is the most commonly used radiographic equipment for angiography? | Digital
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| ____________ ____________ is widely used and allows for better visualization of contrast filled vascular structures by instantly _____________ ____________ structures. | Digital Subtraction; Subtracting bony
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| _____________ still used in cardiac catheterization procedures to provide images in a _______________ ______ format. | Cinefluorography; Movie IR
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| The most commonly used method of catheterization is the ____________ technique. | Seldinger
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| Catheterization is performed under ___________ technique. | Sterile
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| The most common site for catheter injection is the ____________ ____________. | Femoral Artery
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| There are fewer possibilities of _____________ formation with a __________ ___________ versus a _____________ technique. | Thrombosis; Direct Injection; Catheterization
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| How are 3D images obtained? | Bi-plane imaging by exposure from 2 planes.
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| Radiographic examination of vascular structures of the brain are called: | Cerebral Angiography
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| What supplies oxygenated blood to the brain? | Anterior Circulation: Left & Right Common Carotid arteries
Posterior Circulation: Left & Right Vertebral Arteries
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| The Common Carotid arteries branch into __________ and ______________ at the level of ________. | Internal and External; C-4
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| The Internal Carotid arteries enter the brain through what foramen of what bone? | Carotid Foramen; Temporal Bone
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| The Aortic Arch branches the oxygenated blood supply beginning on the left side of the arch with what? | Left Subclavian Artery
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| The Subclavian arteries branch off to supply what? | The left and right vertebral arteries
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| Beginning closest to the heart list the Aortic Arch branches. | Left Subclavian; Left Common Carotid; Brachiocephalic
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| The Brachiocephalic Artery branches into what other 2 arteries? | Right Common Carotid and Right Subclavian
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| Where do the Coronary Arteries stem from? | The Descending portion of the Aortic Arch (Right Coronary on the right and left coronary on the left)
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| Where is the injection site for upper limb venography? | Superficial vein in the hand or wrist.
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| For upper limb venography, images are obtained up to what level? | Superior Vena Cava
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| What veins are demonstrated in upper limb venography? | Cephalic, Basilic and Subclavian Veins
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| 3 purposes of Upper and Lower Limb Venography: | Visualize: 1) Thrombophlebitis ; 2) Varicose Veins ; 3) Vessel Damage secondary to trauma
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| The process for lower limb venography requires the patient (if possible) in what position? | Semi-Erect Position (45 degrees if possible)
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| Where is the contrast injected in lower limb venography? | Superficial Vein in the Foot
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| Imaging for lower limb Venography should begin at the ___________ and proceed ___________ to include the ___________________. | Ankle; Superiorly; Inferior Vena Cava
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