Bowie's Drug list
Help!
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| Dilantin | Phenytoin
Gp: Anticonvulsants / Antiepileptics
SE: Anemia, confusion, 牙齦增生 (gingival enlargement), black stool
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| Lasix | Frusemide
Gp: Loop diuretics 去水丸 (inhibit Na/K/Cl co-transport)
for: edema
SE: Fluid & electrolyte imbalance.
Hypokalemia, hyponatremia 低鉀低鈉症
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| Norvasc | Amlodipine
Gp: Ca channel blocker
For: antihypertensive (block Ca , reduce impluse to heart, contraction reduce)
SE: headache, Dizziness, hypotension
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| Diltiazem | Herbesser
Gp: Ca channel blocker, Class III
For: antihypertensive, block Ca, reduce impluse to heart , reduce contration
SE: headache , dizziness, hypotension
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| Adalat Retard [ADA __] | Nifedipine SR [拉花大平] [ADA 拉花]
Gp: Ca channel blocker
For: HP & angina
SE: liver disease, CHF, not with alcohol
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| Isoptin 我梳平 | Verpamil [V哇怕毛]
Gp: Ca channel blocker
For: HP & angina
SE: liver disease, CHF, not with alcohol
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| Capoten | Captopril
Gp: ACEI
For: HT, diabetic nephropathy (reduce Na and H20 retention)
SE: Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, dry cough, rash
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| Zestril | Lisinopril 你先囉吊
Gp: ACEI
For: HT, diabetic nephropathy (reduce Na and H20 retention)
SE: Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, dry cough, rash
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| Acertil | Perindopril
Gp: ACEI
For: HT, diabetic nephropathy (reduce Na and H20 retention)
SE: Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, dry cough, rash
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| Hydralazine | Trade name: Apresoline
Gp: Direct Vasodilator (act on SM )
SE: Orthostatic hypotension, Fluid retension, Tachycardia
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| Minipress | Prazosin
Gp: Alpha blocker
For: HT
SE: Postural hypotension, Dizziness, drowsiness, headache
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| Hytrin | Terazosin
Gp: Alpha blocker
For: HT
SE: Postural hypotension, Dizziness, drowsiness, headache
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| Tenormin | Atenolol
Gp: Beta blocker
For: HT
SE: Braycardia, Hypotention, Bronchospasm
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| Betaloc | Metoprolol
Gp: Beta blocker
For: HT
SE: Braycardia, Hypotention, Bronchospasm
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| Inderal [內在的internal] | Propranolol [內在的internal pro pan]
Gp: Beta blocker
For: HT
SE: Braycardia, Hypotention, Bronchospasm
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| Timolol | Timolol
Gp: Beta blocker
For: HT
SE: Braycardia, Hypotention, Bronchospasm
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| Aldomet | Methyldopa
Gp: Adrenergic Centrally Acting Agent
For: reduce impulse to sympathetic nerve to heart
SE:Drowsiness, Hepatotoxicity
Remarks: X with MAOI, no postural hypertension problem
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| Digoxin | Trade : Lanxin
Gp: Positive inotropic drugs
For: CHF, cardiac arrest
Remarks*: monitor apical P>60
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| Dopamine | Gp: Positive inotropic drugs
For: CHF, cardiac arrest
Remarks*: monitor apical P>60
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| Dobutamine | Trade: Doutrex (IV)
Gp: Positive inotropic drugs
For: CHF, cardiac arrest
Remarks*: monitor apical P>60
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| Amiodarone | Trade: Cardarone
Gp: Potassium blocker ( reduce AV conduction)
For: arrhythmia / fibrillation
SE: visual impairment, photosensitivity
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| Heparin | GP: anticoagulants (IV/SC) 薄血藥
For: blood clot disorders, 加入blood specimen for 防止凝血
SE: prolong bleeding
Remakes: 1. monitor clotting profile
2. observe GI bleeding (stool for occult blood )
3. prevent injury
4. withhold prior surgery
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| Warfarin | Trade: Marevan (PO)
Gp: anticoagulant (Vit K Blocker)
For: Venous thromosis, pulmonary embolism
SE: hemorrahage, Jaundice, Hepatic dsyfunction
Remakes: 1. monitor INR * >2要俾warfarin
2. observe GI bleeding
3. withhold prior surgery
* with LOW vit K
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| Cartia | Trade: Aspirin SR
Gp: Antiplatelet drug
For: fever, pain , inflammation, MI and stroke (TIA)
SE: prolong bleeding, haemorrage
Remakes: 1. monitor clotting profile
2. observe GI bleeding
4. withhold prior surgery
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| Plavix | Clopidogrel
Gp: Antiplatelet drug
For: fever, pain , inflammation, MI and stroke (TIA)
SE: prolong bleeding, haemorrage
Remakes: 1. monitor clotting profile
2. observe GI bleeding (stool for occult blood )
3. prevent injury
4. withhold prior surg
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| Ventolin | Salbutamol (PO/INH/IV) (short acting)
Gp: Beta 2 seletive agonist
For: relief bronchospasm, reduce airway resistance
SE: Tachycardia, palpitation 心悸,
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| Atrovent | Ipratropium bromide ( 我怕嘈死人 煲埋) (short acting) (INH)
gp: anticholinergics
For: asthma, COPD
SE: Tachycardia, palpitation 心悸,
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| Piriton | Chlopheniramide (PO)
Gp: antihistamine
For: allergic reaction
SE: Drowsiness, Dry mouth,
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| Fluimucil | Acetylcysteine
Gp: Mucolytic 化痰
For: liquefy secretion , break bond in mucus
SE: Bronchospasm 支氣管痙攣, rhinorrhea 流涕
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| Bisolvon | Bromhexine
Gp: Mucolytic
For: liquefy secretion , break bond in mucus
SE: Bronchospasm 支氣管痙攣, rhinorrhea 流涕
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| MES | Mist Expectorant Stimulant 俗稱馬尿
(ammonia and Ipecacuanha Mixture)
Gp: Productive cough stimulant(食左之後咳得仲多, 幫你咳走D 痰)
For: 有痰, 想咳出黎 cough and cold
SE:nausea and vomiting
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| BE | Benadryl Expectorant (Diphenhydramine compound)
Gp: Antitussives 止咳藥
Fpr: cough and cold
SE:nausea and vomiting
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| CaCo3 +Mag | Mylanta
Gp: Antacid + neutralize acid
SE: consti[ation for Magnesium
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| Mag Tri | Magnesium Trisilicate
Gp: Antacid + neutralize gastric acid
for : stomachache
SE: constipation for Magnesium
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| NaHCO3 | gaviscon 嘉胃斯康
Gp: Antacid + neutralize gastric acid
for : stomachache
SE: Belching, constipation, hypercalcaemia
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| Pepcidine | Famotidine (PO/IV)
Gp: H2 receptor blocker in parietal cells of stomach
For: peptic ulcer
SE: dizziness, headache, confusion
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| Zantac | 善胃得 (Ranitidine)
Gp: H2 receptor blocker in parietal cells of stomach
For: peptic ulcer
SE: dizziness, headache, confusion
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| Nexium | Esomeprazole
Gp: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
For: peptic ulcer
SE: dizziness, headache, confusion
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| Losec | Omeprazole
Gp: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
For: peptic ulcer
SE: dizziness, headache, confusion
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| Dulcolax | Bisacodyl (PO/PR)
Gp: Stimulant laxatives
For: constipation
SE: Prolonged electrolyte imbalabce
*Remarks: do not give oral dose within 1 hr of milk/antacid (dissolution of drugs)
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| Senna | Senokot / Sennosides
Gp: Stimulant laxatives
For: constipation
SE: Prolonged electrolyte imbalabce
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| Fleet | Trade: Enema (PR)
Gp: Osmotic Laxatives
For: chronic constipation
SE: dizziness headache confusion, Prolonged electrolyte imbalabace:
hypo*calcemia,hypo*kalemia, Hyper* Na
*Remarks: diet with restriction of Na
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| Lactulose | Gp: Osmotic Laxatives
For: constipation
SE: dizziness headache confusion, Prolonged electrolyte imbalabace:
hypo*calcemia,hypo*kalemia, Hyper* Na
*Remarks: diet with restriction of Na
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| Metformin | Glucophage
Gp; Biguanides
For: Type I DM
SE: lactic acidosis (小心acute renal failure)
reduce Vit B12 not with alcohol
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| Hydrocortisone | Gp: Steroids
For: anti-inflammatory drug
SE: osteoporosis
Remarks: step down before withdrawal
avoid to use in systemic fungi infection
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| Prednisolone | Gp: Steroids
For: anti-inflammatory drug
SE: osteoporosis
Remarks: step down before withdrawal
avoid to use in systemic fungi infection
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| Xanax | Alprazolam (DDA drug!)
Gp: antidepressant drug
For: anxiety
SE: Dependance, withdrawal , tolerate, hallucination
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| Sinemet | Levodopa + Carbidopa (inhibit peripheral DDC, prevent levodopa convert to dopamine before crossing BBB)
Gp: Dopamine Precusor+PDDC inhibitor
For: Parkinsonism
SE:red urine, on-off effect, choeriform syndrome
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| Panadol | Paracetamol / Acetaminophen
Gp: Non-opioid analgestics
For: reduce pain and fever
SE: hepatotoxicity
Remarks: Max dose: 500mg x 8 in a day
Anti-dose: Fluimucil (Acetylcysteine)
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| Celebrex | Celecoxib
Gp: NSAID
For: reduce pain,fever, inflammation
SE: GI bleeding, salt and fluid retention, renal impairment
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| DF118 | Dihydrocodeine tartrate
Gp: Opioid analgestics
For: CNS acting relief pain
SE: Addiciton, Tolerance
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| Morphine | Gp: Opioid analgestics
For: CNS acting relief pain
SE: respiratory depression, sedation, confusion,. Addiciton, Tolerance
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| Tramadol | Trade name: Tramal
For: CNS acting relief pain
SE: dizziness, headache, confusion,. Addiciton, Tolerance
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| Thiamine | Vit B1
Gp: Electrolytes supplement
For: alcholism, liver disorder
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| Slow K | Potassium Chloride (KCL)
Gp: electrolyte supplement
For: Hypo* Kalemia
SE: renal impairment
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| Resonium C (with Ca) | 去鉀藥
For: Hyper* Kalemia
SE: renal impairment
remarks: PO:好易塞R/T, 因為好杰, 要逐D 咁俾
PR: 將1.5g 粉入100ml 啡樽水, 抽syringe用adaptor 加KY,入rectum
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| Actrapid | Insulin
Gp: Short acting DM drug
For: Type I DM
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| Protaphane | Insulin
Gp: Intermediate acting DM drug
For: Type I DM
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| Mixtard 30/70 | 30% actrapid + 70% protaphane
Gp: DM drug
For: Type I DM
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| Amoxil | Amoxycilin
Gp: ABX - Penicillins
Action: inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
SE: rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, drug fever, allergy
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| Augmentin | Amoxycillin + Clavulanic acid
Gp: ABX - Penicillins
Action: inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
SE: rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, drug fever, allergy
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| Tazocin | Piperacillin + Tazobactam
Gp: ABX - Penicillins
Action: inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
SE: rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, drug fever, allergy
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| Timentin | Ticarcillin + Clavulanic aicd
Gp: ABX - Penicillins
Action: inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
SE: rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, drug fever, allergy
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| Zincacef | Cefuroxime
Gp: ABX - Cephalosporins
SE:rash, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting (rare), allergy, serum sickness, vaginal candidiasis
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| Tienam | Imipenem + Cilastatin
Gp: ABX- Carbapenem
SE:diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, headache, rash, liver toxicity, eosinophilia (elevated white blood cells)
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| Meropenem | Trade: Meronem
Gp: ABX- Carbapenem
SE:diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, headache, rash, liver toxicity, eosinophilia (elevated white blood cells)
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| Teracycline | Trade: Achromycin
Gp: ABX-Tetracyclines
SE: nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, tooth discoloration in children < 8 years, liver toxicity
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| Amikacin | Amikin
Gp: ABX - Aminoglycosides
SE: renal (kidney) toxicity, ototoxicity (hearing loss), dizziness, nausea/vomiting, nystagmus 眼球震颤
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| Gentamicin | Garamycin
Gp: ABX - Aminoglycosides
SE: renal (kidney) toxicity, ototoxicity (hearing loss), dizziness, nausea/vomiting, nystagmus 眼球震颤
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| Streptomycin | For TB bacteria
Gp: ABX - Aminoglycosides
SE: renal (kidney) toxicity, ototoxicity (hearing loss), dizziness, nausea/vomiting, nystagmus 眼球震颤
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| Azithromycin | Zithromax
Gp: ABX - Macrolides
SE: abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, nausea/vomiting
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| Clarithromycin (Clara 嗌 thro 買先) | Klacid 基酸
GP: ABX - Macrolides
SE: abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, nausea/vomiting,
taste alterations (clarithromycin)
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| Erythromycin | Erythrocin
GP: ABX - Macrolides
SE: abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, nausea/vomiting
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| Levofloxacin 尼奧放曬先 | Cravit
GP: Fluoroquinolones
SE: nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, lethargy, insomnia, photosensitivity (can be severe) [唔好曬太陽]
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| Ciprofloxacin | Ciproxin
GP: Fluoroquinolones
SE: nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, lethargy, insomnia, photosensitivity (can be severe) [唔好曬太陽]
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| Vancomycin | Vancocin
Gp: Glycopeptides
SE: red man syndrome (flushing, hypotension, itching); phlebitis; telavancin: taste alteration, nausea/vomiting, headache, dizziness [IV infusion over 60 mins can slove]
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| Clindamycin | Dalacin C
Gp: Others
SE: pseudomembranous colitis (may be severe) [ >8 weeks 肚瀉], diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, rash, hypersensitivity, jaundice (clindamycin)
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| Metronidazole (咪嘈leader 數(錢)) | Flagyl
Gp: Other
SE:nausea/vomiting, dizziness, headache, vaginal candidiasis, metallic taste,may discolor urine red-brown
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| Hydrochorothiazide | Gp: Thiazide Diuretics
For: edema
M: inhibit Na/Cl in distal tubule
SE: Hypo*Kalemia, Hypo*natremia, metabolic alkalosis
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| Ethambutol | EMB-fatol
Gp: Drug for TB ( attack bacterial cell wall )
For: TB
SE: convulsion, Vit B6 deficiency, Hepatotoxcity,
Remarks: take with food , monitor liver function
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| Holopon 好啦啵 | Hyosine methobromide
Gp: antispasmodics + alter gut motility
For: 抗腸抽筋
SE: allergy, urine retention
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| Losartan 老沙田 | Cozaar 高沙
GP: Angiotensin II receptor blocker
M: inhibit AII -> lower fluid retention , vasoconstriction
For: Hypertension
SE: Renal failure !
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| Zocor | Simvastatin
Gp: Lipid-lowing drug
For: 降血脂藥, if high LDL found
SE: hepatotoxicity
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| Epilim (app pi 連) | Sodium valproate
Gp: anticoncvulsants (for neuromuscular )
For: 抗抽筋藥
SE: unsusal movements, hair loss
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| Phensedyl | Promethazine
Gp: Cough center suppressants in medulla oblongata
SE: Nausea, constipation
For: non-productive cough
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| Aminophyline | Gp: Bronchodilator -- Methylxanthines
M: 1. inhibit PED, in^ cAMP => relaxing bronchial smooth muscle
2. inhibit adenosine =>reduce constriction
For: Asthma / bronchospassm
SE: Tradycardia, nervousness, restlessness / Insomia
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| Theophyline [theo飛線漏奶] | Neuline 漏奶
Gp: Bronchodilator -- Methylxanthines
M: 1. inhibit PED, in^ cAMP => relaxing bronchial smooth muscle
2. inhibit adenosine =>reduce constriction
For: Asthma / bronchospassm
SE: Tradycardia, nervousness, restlessness / Insomia
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| Becloforte 250mcg/dose(必可復) Becotide 50mcg/dose | Beclomethasone 必可米花鬆
Gp: steroid for asthma
M: reduce inflammatory response
SE: insomnia, peptic ulcer, fat, muscle wasting, poor wound healing
Remarks: 最後先噴, 噴完要洗口!!
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| Seretide | = Salmeterol (b2 agoinst) + Fluticasone (steroid)
Gp: steroid for asthma
M: reduce inflammatory response
SE: insomnia, peptic ulcer, fat, muscle wasting, poor wound healing
Remarks: 最後先噴, 噴完要洗口!!
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| Fluoxetine 富豪填田 | Prozac
M:block reuptakes of 5HT
SE: Fewer anticholinergic effects, little sedation and weight gain
Nausea, diarrhoea, sedation, insomnia, anxiety, agitation, fits
Wider margin of safety in overdose
REMARKS:Equally effective with TCAs
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| Synalar cream | Fluocinolone (-nolone / nonide)
Gp: Topical steriods x anti-inflammation
M: 大白咬前列腺
SE: atrophy, acneiform eruptions
Insomnia, peptic ulcer, fat gain, muscle wasting, osteoporosis,poor wound healing
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| Dorzolamide | 多數黎買 (報紙) [-zolamide = CAI]
Group: Miotic - Carbonic Anhydease inhibitor (CAI)
For: constrict pupil, treat glaucoma
M: recuce humor produced by CA-II. Increase the aqueous outflow , decrease (intraocular pressure)
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| Brimonidine | 病毛你定
Gp: alpha-2 receptor agoinst
M: activate alpha-2 receptor in ciliary body => reduce aqueous humor production
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| Pilocarpine | 飄囉車片
Gp: Miotic -Muscarinic agoinst
SE: no spasm caused Remarks: half active as physotigmine
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| physotigmine | 快數的明
An alkaloid from the seeds of the physostigma venemosa plant
For: Miotic
M:Decrease intra-ocular pressure (i.o.p.) in glaucoma
SE:Spasm may last for 2-3 hours Remarks:Partially reverse the dilatation by atropine
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| Latanoprost | -prost (poster : prostaglandin analog / prostamide]
Group : Miotics
M: reduce aqueous inflow - vasoconstriction in ciliary body in^ queous outflow - dilation of aqueous veins
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| Dipivefrine | 地匹褔林
Gp: Mydriatics - alpha.beta agoinst
M: Converted to adrenaline Reduces aqueous inflow – vasoconstriction in ciliary body Increases outflow – dilation of aqueous and episcleral veins
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| Midazolam | Dormicum
For: short term sedation
SE: bronchospam, hypotension
Gp: Benzodiazepam
SE: bronchospam (spo2 mon) ,hypotension,
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| Diazepam | Valium
For: long term sedation
SE: resipatory depression, lactic acidosis, acur tubular necrosis
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| Zyrtec | Cetirizine hydrochloride 10mg daily
Gp: antihistamine (H1 receptor blocker)
For: allergic reaction e.g. urticaria
SE: Drowsiness, Dry mouth, headache
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