BSNexp_Fund_Eliminat
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| Measuring Urine Output | Pour urine into appropriate measuring device. Then place calibrated container on flat surface and read at eye level.
Note amount of urine voided and record on appropriate form. Discard unless needed.
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| Urine Specimens | Routine urinalysis can be Clean-catch or midstream specimens.
Sterile specimens from indwelling catheter. Sometimes needed
24-hour urine specimen.
Specimens from infants and children
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| Urinary functioning as the problem | Incontinence,Pattern alteration,Urinary retention
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| Urinary functioning as the etiology | Anxiety,Caregiver role strain,Risk for infection
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| Planned Patient Goals | Produce sufficient quantity of urine to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance.
Empty bladder completely at regular intervals without discomfort.
Provide care for urinary diversion and know when to notify physician
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| Urethral Catheterization | Indwelling/Foley: continuous drainage. Straight: intermittent drainage. Strict sterile procedure and drainage bag below bladder
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| Reasons for Catheterization | Relieving urinary retention,obtaining a sterile urine specimen and
obtaining a urine specimen when usual methods can’t be used.
Emptying bladder before, during, or after surgery and
monitoring critically ill patients
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| Stress Uninary Incontinence | —increase in intra-abdominal pressure
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| Urge Uninary Incontinence | urine lost during abrupt and strong desire to void
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| Mixed Uninary Incontinence | symptoms of urge and stress incontinence present
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| Overflow Uninary Incontinence | over distention and overflow of bladder
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| Uninary Incontinence | caused by factors outside the urinary tract
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| Reflex Uninary Incontinence | emptying of the bladder without sensation of need to void
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| Total Uninary Incontinence | continuous, unpredictable loss of urine
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| Factors to Consider With Use of Absorbent Products | Functional disability of the patient
Type and severity of incontinence
Gender and patients prference
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| Process of Peristalsis | under control of the nervous system and contractions occur every 3 to 12 minutes
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| Mass peristalsis | sweeps occur one to four times each 24-hour period.
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| bowel movement | One third to one half of food waste is excreted in stool within 24 hours.
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| Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination | Daily patterns,Food and fluid, and Activity and muscle tone, lifestyle choices
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| Other factors influencing bowel elimination (Medical Base) | Pathologic conditions,Medications,Diagnostic studies and
Surgery and anesthesia
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| Infants | —characteristics of stool and frequency depend on formula or breast feedings
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| Toddler | —physiologic maturity is first priority for bowel training
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| Child, adolescent, adult | —defecation patterns vary in quantity, frequency, and rhythmicity
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| Older adult | —constipation is often a chronic problem; diarrhea and fecal incontinence may result from physiologic or lifestyle changes
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| Effects of meds on stool | Aspirin, anticoagulants—pink to red to black stool
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| Effect of iron on stool | black stool
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| Effects of antiacids on stool | white discoloration or speckling in stool
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| Effects of antibodotics | —green-gray color
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| Stool Collection | Medical aseptic technique is imperative. Make sureWear disposable gloves and Wash hands before and after glove use.
Do not contaminate outside of container with stool. Obtain package for stool and handle properly
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| Patient Guidelines for Stool Collection | Void first, no urine in stool. Poop in container not toilet. No toilet paper in container.
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| Patient Outcomes | soft formed bowel movement every 1 to 3 days without discomfort. Understand relationship between bowels movement and diet and exercise.
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| Individuals at High Risk for Constipation | Patients on bed rest taking constipating medicines and with reduced fluids or bulk in their diet. Patients who are depressed
& with central nervous system disease or local lesions that cause pain
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| Nursing Measures for the Patient With Diarrhea | Answer call bells immediately and Remove the cause of diarrhea whenever possible (e.g., medication). If there is impaction, obtain physician order for rectal examination.
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| Methods of Emptying the Colon of Feces | Enemas(cleansing & Retention),Rectal suppositories, and Digital removal of stool
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| Retention Enemas: Oil-retention | —lubricate the stool and intestinal mucosa easing defecation
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| Retention Enemas: Carminative | help expel flatus from rectum
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| Retention Enemas:Medicated— | provide medications absorbed through rectal mucosa
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| Retention Enemas:Anthelmintic | —destroy intestinal parasites
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