Negligence and Unintentional Torts
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| tort | harm caused to a person or property for which the law provides a civil remedy
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| unintentional torts | injuries caused by an accident or an action that was not intended to cause harm
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| negligence | careless conduct that causes foreseeable harm to another person
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| duty or care | the obligation to foresee and avoid careless actions that might cause harm to others
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| neighbour principle | the legal responsibility to owe a duty of care not to harm one's neighbour through carelessness or negligence
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| foreseeability | the ability of a reasonable person to anticipate the consequence of an action
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| standard of care | the degree of caution or level of conduct expected of a reasonable person
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| reasonable person | a legal term that describes a person who exercises a sensible level of reason, intelligence, and care
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| specialized standard of care | the degree of caution or level of conduct considered necessary by a reasonable person with the same specialized training
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| liability insurance | insurance that covers part or all of the damages awarded in a tort case
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| good samaritan law | a legal principle that prevents a rescuer who has voluntarily helped someone in distress from being sued if he or she actually causes that person harm
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| cause-in-fact | the factual "cause and effect" connection between one person's actions and another person's injuries
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| apportionment | the division of fault among different wrongdoers
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| remoteness of damage | harm that could not have been foreseen by the defendant do to the lack of a close connection between the wrong action and the injury
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| intervening act | and unforeseeable event that interrupts the chain of events started by the defendant
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| thin-skull rule | the principle that the defendant is liable for all damages caused by negligence despite andy pre-existing condition that makes the plaintiff more prone to injury
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| product liability | the area of law that deals with the negligence on the part of manufacturers
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| occupiers' liability | the responsibility of owners or renters to ensure that no one entering their premises is injured
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| invitee | a person invited to a property for a business purpose
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| licensee | a person with express or implied permission to pay a social visit
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| trespasser | a person who enters a noter's property without permission or legal right
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| allurement | a site or an object that might attract children and result in causing them harm
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| vicarious liability | legal responsibility for the negligence of another person
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| host | someone who serves alcohol to guests pr paying customers
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| strict liability | the defendant is automatically liable for an injury caused by a dangerous substance or activity even if the defendant was not negligent
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| contributory negligence | negligent acts by the plaintiff that helped cause the plaintiffs injuries
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| voluntary assumption of risk (or violent non fit injuria) | the defence that no liability exists because the plaintiff agreed to accept the risk normally associated with the activity
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| waiver | a document signed by the plaintiff, releasing the defendant from liability in the event of an injury
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| inevitable accident | a defence that claims an accident was unavoidable due to an uncontrollable event
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| act of god | a defence claiming that an accident was caused by an extraordinary , unexpected natural event such as a tornado, an earthquake or a flood
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| explanation | a defence claiming that an accident occurred for a valid reason even though the defendant took every precaution
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| statute of limitations | a law that specifies the time within which legal action may be taken
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