middle east
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| define mesopotamia & give an example | "B/w the rivers" 2 rivers flow together. ex= Tigris & Euphrates river
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| define cultural hearth & give example in the middle east | a region where a specific culture, language, religion orginated, many where centered around rivers, like the indus riv in pakistan) orgin of the countries culture. example: Tigris & Euphrates river
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| how does the geo of the middle east impact the lives of its people? | large distribution of oil, people in Iran have many resources but doesnt allow much farming, conflict in israel bc of the limited space and lack of water
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| define OPEC | organization of petrolium(oil) exporting countries. regulates production in an effort to manage prices==supply & demand
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| what is Israel gov't and economy? | gov't= democracy
economy= market economy like the US,
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| what is Iraq's economy & gov't? | economy= mixed economy & 75% of GDP is from oil
Gov't= 'democracy' like a puppet gov't
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| what is Saudi Arabia government and economy? | monarchy (authoritarian)
ecnomy= command economy like china!
authoritarian=command gov't controls erything
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| what is Irans gov't and economy? | Govt= theocracy (authoritiarian)
economy= command
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| which country in the middle east controls the whole coast line of the persian gulf? why might that be a good thing for that country? | Iran and its very powerful for trade and control access b/w iraq
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| (supply & demand) if OPEC produces more oil.. what will happen? | the price is going to be low
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| (supply & demand) if OPEC doesnt produce as much oil.. what will happen? | the price of oil is going to go up.
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| why is oil significant to the economies of middle eastern contries? | improves there economies by exporting oil to other countries=$$
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| OPEC is a ____ that regulates production in an effort to manage prices. regulate production and set prices. | cartel
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| what is the middle easts two most important natural resources? | oil and nat. gas
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| define chokepoint | strategic passage or canal which could be closed or blocked to stop sea traffic.
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| founder of Judiasm? | Abraham
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| founder of christianity ? | Jesus
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| founder of islam? | Muhammad
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| major beliefs of judiasm? | covenant - agreement
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| major belief in christianity? | trinity
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| major belief in Islam? | 5 pillars-
Ramadan(fasting), praying 5 times a day, pilgrimage to mecca, charity, testimony of faith
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| place of woreship for judiasm? | synagogue
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| place of woreship for muslims? | Mecca/ mosque
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| major division for islam? | sunni vs shia
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| holy book for judiasm? | Torah..old testament
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| holy book for islam? | Qur'an
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| religious leader for judiasm? | Rabbi
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| religious leader for christianity ? | priests/ pastors
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| religious leader for islam? | Imam
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| what are the underlying causes of the Israel-palestine conflict? (3) | lack of access to water
the status of jerusalem
jewish settlements in the occupied territories
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| define diaspora | movement of spreading out, after violence/ war over religious styles
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| define zionism | the movement that called for jews to set up their own country or homeland in Israel. (form of nationalism supporting jewish nation)
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| why would the jews want there own homeland/country? | so they can defend themselves in there own land!
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| what are Israelis and palestinians fighting over ? | land, (as in like who does israel belong to?0--> bc of religion, resources( scarcity of water)
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| what causes the iranian revolution in 1979? | Americans trying to help them westernize
modernization Vs traditionalism
SAVAK secret police- took away freedom
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| what changed after the iranian revolution? | there government! changed into theocracy= country is governed by religious law
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| what does Irans public face tell you? (gov't, who rules iran, degree of freedom, weapons?) | they are a democracy, they have a president(ahmadinejad), they are a free society share equality, & that Iran doesnt have nuclear weapons
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| what does Iran private face tell you? (gov't, who rules iran, degree of freedom, weapons?) | theocracy-rigged elections, supreme leader/dictator, repressive society-press is controlled by gov't, evidence that iran is producing fuel for nucs.
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| define sanction | when you restrict something , basically like a boycott, going againest whats right
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| Iraq: what happens in pre Saddam ? | ottoman empire rules & turkification
european influence& wanted them to modernize & messes everything up
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| Saddam does ___. & means? | purge.. execution of many innocent lives..his own people
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| Saddam | started party purges, authoritarian, censored his country
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| how does Iraq geography affect there people? | want/ need access to water to be able to trade/make money, but they lack that bc the only get a small little part of the persian gulf..while iran gets the most access to it. they broke and neeed $$
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| which war lasted 96 hrs long? & significance about it? | persian gulf war bc they need money & want the oil from kuwait
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| what is significant about the Kurds ? | ethnic group wanted there own land and obvi saddam being the dictator said no and killed them hence party purges.
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| orographic effect | pic goes water, city, mts. US example seattle
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| define Arab spring | middle east movement where there are people protesting for individual freedoms, economic reform, & overall a better QOL
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| what is significant about egypt & saudi arabia location? | geopolitical power bc of the Sinai peninsula. good for trading- suez canal= chokepoint
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| who colonized Egypt? | British- controlled by the ottoman empire wanted them the turkify.
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| egyptian patterns in gov't? | with every president they have they hoped for a democracy but ended up with authoritarian govv't.
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| what is significant about President Mubarek? (egypt) | authoritarian, 6 assassentation attemps, if you critize the gov't= 5 yrs in prison get arrested, his elections led to media crackdown. arab spring protesters began.
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| Egypt patterns after failed gov't over aand over again. | authoritian gov't, when the pres steps down they think they will get a new democratic leader.
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| Syria: there geography & good percentage of airable land is good for what? | 24% arable land good for farming, part of the fertile crescent
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| who colozied Syria? & what type of Gov't do they have? | French & authoritarian
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| Syria: 1963 revolution consists of what? | ba'ath party--> general Hafez Al Assad part of.
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| define anti-zionist and who was this ? | syria: being againest the movement of jews to set up there own country/home land in Israel bc they're jews and are hated by many people in the M.E.
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| 3 examples why syria was anti-zionist | Syria/Basan Al Assad invaded idrael.
lost the golan heights
supports Hamas & hezbollah
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| what is significant about the red sea? | main shipping routes between Europe, the Persian Gulf and East Asia.
& cannot be used for drinking or irrigation.
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| where is the persian gulf located in the mid. east | lies b/w iran and suadi arabia.. iraq gets a little bit of coastline but not enough
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| what is significant about the persain gulf? | world's largest single source of crude oil, and related industries.
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| where is the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers located? which country? | 2 large rivs. in Iraq.. that is used as a source for much of the areas water needs.
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| name a cultural health example in the middle east where relgion and ect began. | Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
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| which body of land/ landform/ region is considered a geopolitical power bc of its huge reserves of oil & natural gas? | Arabian Peninsula
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| chokepoint example in the middle east? & how/why? | suez canel bc Because of its narrow width, it is considered a chokepoint because it can easily be blocked to interrupt this flow of trade.
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| 75% GPD from oil | iran & iraq
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| Taliban | A fundamentalist Muslim movement whose militia took control of much of Afghanistan
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| define arid & what is significant about arid climate? | very dry or desert like. M.E. does not have enough water to support animal life or agriculture.
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| define semi-arid & give 2 country examples? | Areas of low annual rainfall and having sparse plant life with short coarse grasses. Syria & northern Iraq
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| what are the middle east abundunce & scarcity resources & what doo they mean? | Abundance- they have alot of that resource=Oil
Scarcity- very limited to that resource do not have alot of=water
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| what are palestine struggles/ limitations? | they dont control their own borders, airspace or trade, seperate & competing gov't in Gaaza & the west bank, & no army/police
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| what is the threat to peace between israel & palestine ? | terrorism/ terrorist attacts
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| define theocracy & a country example? | gov't is runned by a religious leader, religion take over & Iran
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| name of an Islam follower & what do they believe in? list them | A follower of Islam is called a Muslim.
Muslims believe in the Five Pillars.
1. faith 2. fasting(ramadam) 3. charity 4. pilgrimage to mecca
5. praying 5 times a day
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| define Sunni & __% of muslims are Sunni | Muslims who believe that religious leaders (Imams) are chosen.
90%
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| define shite(shia) & where might they be found? __% of muslims? | Muslims who believe that religious leaders (Imams) descended from the prophet, Mohammed. They believe that only Imams can interpret the Quran (Koran.)
Iran, Iraq, & Lebanon. 10% muslims
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| define monarchy & what is a country example | gov't ruled by a single person (king) like saudi arabia
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| define geopolitcal power | the combo of geographic & political factors that influence or define a country or region
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| how is most of the middle east have such geopolitical power? | richness of natural resources
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| who was the first country to use modern chemical warfare in 1984 war with another country? | Iraq to Iran
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| give an example of a civil unrest? (conflict caused by people causing riots & sabotage) | arab spring, over many middle eastern countries as citizens protested governmeents
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| define secular | something that is not related to religion
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| what does secularism in islam mean? | favoring a modern nonspiritual democracy with seperation of mosque & state, as oppossed to islam as a political movement.
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| what do oil tankers risk at chokepoints? | heavy traffic, piracy, & any distrupution can lead to instability in oil prices.
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