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| Sedimentary rocks consist of lots of small | grains. These grains may be weakly held | together, so the rocks are often | porous and may be (s and c) | soft and crumbly. |
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| These types of rocks are often pourous, consist of layers of lots of small particles and may be soft and crumbly: | Sedimentary rocks. |
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| Sedimentary rocks consist of layers of lots of small p… | articles and are often p… | orous. |
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| How sedimentary rocks are formed: sediment such as (s and s) | sand and silt, is d…. | eposited in | layers (called sediments). The build up of layers is called | sedimentation. The layers become c… | compacted to form | sedimentary rock. The distinct layers of rock are related to the time | intervals at which occurred | sedimentation.
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| Some Sedimentary rocks are formed by the cementation of | sediment. Weathering creates small rock | fragments which are transported to the | sea where they are | deposited (sink) and form a | sediment. | At this stage, dead creatures may become t…. | rapped within the | sediment and give rise to
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| At this stage, dead creatures may become t… | rapped within the | sediment and give rise to | fossils. Over millions of years, the pressure of (the ones above) layers and the effects of | salts lead to the sediments | cementing together. This is how sedimentary rocks like sandstone, mudstone and limestone are formed. |
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| Sedimentary rocks can also be formed from m… | inerals which are | left behind when water | evaporates. Certain minerals are dissolved in (s and l) | seas and lakes. Over millions of years these seas or lakes | dry up. As the water disappears, the minerals that have | dissolved p… | recipitate. |
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| Marble is a hard s… | mooth rock made from sedimentary (l or c) | limestone or chalk in conditions of strong | heat and low | pressure. |
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| Slate is a grey rock with fine grains made from sedimentary | shale in conditions of low | temperature and | low pressure. Slate can be split into thin | sheets. |
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| Metamorphic rocks often have layer structures of | crystals caused by the effect of (h and p) | heat and pressure. |
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| Metamorphic rocks, in comparison to sedimentary rocks, are usually ( d and h) | denser and harder. | Metamorphic rocks sometimes show distortions caused by the | movements that led to their | formation. This may give rise to wavy or zig-zag | patterns within | the rock. |
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| Metamorphic rocks contain regular layers of | crystals that sometimes have a wavy or zig-zag | arrangement. |
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| Metamorphic rocks contain regular layers of crystals that sometimes have an arrangement that’s (w or z-z) | wavy or zig-zag. |
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| Metamorphic rocks are formed by the effect of extreme (p and t) | pressures and temperatures(heat?) deep within the | Earth. These conditions change the structure of existing | rocks so that new rocks are | formed. The rocks that were put under great pressure and heated did not m[] | melt, but changed c[] | chemically. |
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| Transparent sheets used as an insulator in some electrical devices. What type of Metamorphic rock? | Mica. |
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| Granite is a hard g… | Granite is a hard g… | crystals that are randomly | arranged. |
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| Pumice is a pale g… | rey rock made up of | crystals that are very | small, and is p… | orous and extremely (in mass) | light. |
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| Basalt is a glassy rock that is d… | ark, which has very fine | crystals and often forms as columns of | rock. |
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| A dark glassy rock which has very fine crystals and often forms as columns of rock is | Basalt. |
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| Igneous rocks contain interlocking | crystals which are held | together very | strongly and make the rock | hard. |
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| The crystals in igneous rocks have a ‘disorderly’ | arrangement. The size of the crystals depends on how quickly the igneous rock | solidified. Igneous rocks never contain | fossils. |
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| How are igneous rocks formed? Deep in the ground is molten | rock called | magma. Sometimes, there’s a burst through the | surface by | magma causing volcanic | eruptions. Igneous rocks are formed when magma both | cools and solidifies. |
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| When magma cools above the surface, rocks are formed that are | extrusive igneous rocks, but when magma cools below the surface, rocks are formed that are | intrusive igneous rocks. |
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| Magma above the Earth’s surface cools at a speed that’s | quick. Only small crystals are formed as the magma | solidifies. This is how extrusive igneous rocks like pumice and basalt are formed. |
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| Magma below the Earth’s surface cools at a speed that’s | slow. There is time for large crystals to | grow as the magma | solidifies. This is how extrusive igneous rocks like granite are formed. |
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| The rock cycle: rocks are broken down by | weathering, then taken to the sea by (t and d) | transportation and deposition. |
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| In the rock cycle: magma may turn to Igneous rocks through slow | solidification and metamorphic rocks may turn to magma through | melting. |
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| In the rock cycle: sedimentary rock is turned into | metamorphic rock by high | temperature and pressure. Sedimentary rocks may also join the rocks that rise to the | surface by (u and e) | uplift and erosion. These rocks then partake in stage one. || Molten magma rises to the | surface, where it | cools at a speed that is r… | apid to form | extrusive igneous rocks.
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| In the rock cycle: molten magma that cools below the surface forms | intrusive igneous rocks, which | rise at a speed that’s | slow to the | surface by both | uplift and erosion. |
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| Molten rock in the ground is | magma. |
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| The size of crystals in rocks that solidify quickly is | small, while it's the opposite for the rocks that solidify | slowly. |
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| Rocks with rounded grains are more likely to absorb [] than rocks with interlocking grains | water. This is because the water can get into the gaps between the | grains. Rocks that absorb water are called | porous. Rocks with rounded grains are usually softer and more crumbly than rocks with | interlocking grains. So porous rocks tend to be softer than non-porous rocks. |
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| [] weathering is caused by physical changes such as changes in temperature, freezing and thawing, and the effects of wind, rain and waves | Physical. |
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| Limestone, chalk and sandstone are rocks that’re | sedimentary. |
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| Sandstone is a rock with a colour that’s quite | orange, it looks like lots of sand grains stuck | together and in terms of hardness is quite | soft. |
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| Limestone is a rock, that in colour is quite a mixture of | grey and white and is mostly made from crushed | sea shells, it often contains | fossils. |
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| A white or grey powdery rock is known as | chalk, it has very fine | grains and often contains | fossils. |
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