clindamycin, metronidazole, ampicillins, amoxicillin
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| Ampicillin-spectrum | gram + cocci (Haemophilus influenzae) and entococci (E. coli & Salmonella); used alone or w/ probenecid for gonococcal infections
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| Amoxicillin:why preferred | produces higher blood levels, better absorbed, less frequent dosing, drug of choice premed
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| Amoxicillin-spectrum | upper resp tract infections (H. influenzae), UTI (E.coli) meningitis (H.influenzae), Otitis media in children
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| ampicillin | most likely to produce a rash of all pcn's, more common in people w/ mono, seen in patients taking allopurinol.
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| carbenecillin | wider spectrum of action than pcn g; special activity against P. aeruginosa: gram- anaerobic rod (blood, lung or burn infections) and some strains of Proteus (g- flagellated bacillae) and E.coli
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| carbenecillin | TREATS SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS
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| Clindamycin spectrum | very active against several anaerobes, g+ mo's and anaerobic Bacteriodes species
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| clindamycin | can cause pseudomembranous colitis
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| clindamycin moa | interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis
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| clindamycin | Bacterial resistance acts in a slower manner. Occuring by mutations in the bacterial ribosomes that decrease in the binding capacity of the drug.
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| cross resistance | between clindamycin and erythromycin is often seen-they are antagonists
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| clindamycin:adverse effects | GI, pseudomembranous colitis, suprainfection of candida albicans, oral allergic reatctions include GLOSSITIS and STOMATITIS (oral mucosa inflammation) edema and serum sickness
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| metronidazole aka | Flagyl
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| metronidazole: spectrum | BACTERIOCIDAL: action against most anaerobes ie. Bacterioides, fusobacterium, veillonella, treponema, clostridium, peptococcus, campyloacter adn peptostreptococcus: includes protozoa Tricomonas vaginalis and E. Histolytica
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| metronidazole: moa | cytotoxic to bacterial cells, freely enters cells and prevents DNA synthesis leading to death of mo. Also has some antiinflammatory effects
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| metronidazole: pharmacokinetics | well absorbed orally, somewhat concentrated in gingival crevicular fluid, producing concentrations that are bacteriocidal for periodontal pathogens
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| metronidazole: distribution | saliva, spinal fluid, and breast milk in concentrations approximating that of the serum
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| metronidazole: oral effects | xerostomia, metallic taste, altered taste of alcohol (sometimes used to treat alcoholics) glossitis, stomitis, black furred tongue
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| metronizole: drug interactions | alcohol, phenobarbital and phenytoin (Dilantin)
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| metronidazole: uses dental | many perio infections b/c of anaerobic efficacy NO ACTION AGAINST AA: combo w/ amoxicillin to treat juvenile and refractory perio
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